diff --git a/internal/handler/play_profile.go b/internal/handler/play_profile.go
index 788bc11..30ccf3d 100644
--- a/internal/handler/play_profile.go
+++ b/internal/handler/play_profile.go
@@ -51,11 +51,15 @@ func createPlayProfileHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "每个用户最多只能创建 3 个观影 Profile"})
 			return
 		}
-		if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrPlayProfileValidation) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
-		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, row)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+		c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, row)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -76,10 +80,14 @@ func updatePlayProfileHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "profile forbidden"})
 			return
 		}
-		if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrPlayProfileValidation) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, row)
 	}
 }
@@ -89,7 +97,10 @@ func deletePlayProfileHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		uid, _ := c.Get(middleware.CtxUserID)
 		userID := toString(uid)
 		var req deletePlayProfileReq
-		_ = c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
+		if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid request body"})
+			return
+		}
 
 		profile, err := svc.Repo.PlayProfile.FindByID(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -141,7 +152,10 @@ func deletePlayProfileHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 func verifyPlayProfilePINHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		var req verifyPlayProfilePINReq
-		_ = c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
+		if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid request body"})
+			return
+		}
 		uid, _ := c.Get(middleware.CtxUserID)
 		profile, err := svc.PlayProfiles.VerifyPIN(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), toString(uid), req.PIN)
 		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrPlayProfileNotFound) {
@@ -157,7 +171,7 @@ func verifyPlayProfilePINHandler(svc *service.Container) gin.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 		if err != nil {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
 		expiresAt := time.Now().Add(12 * time.Hour)
diff --git a/internal/service/play_profile.go b/internal/service/play_profile.go
index b6ae0fe..b32aed6 100644
--- a/internal/service/play_profile.go
+++ b/internal/service/play_profile.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ var (
 	ErrPlayProfileForbidden  = errors.New("profile forbidden")
 	ErrPlayProfilePINInvalid = errors.New("pin invalid")
 	ErrPlayProfileLimit      = errors.New("profile limit reached")
+	ErrPlayProfileValidation = errors.New("validation error")
 )
 
 // NewPlayProfileService is the constructor.
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ func (s *PlayProfileService) updateExisting(ctx context.Context, row *model.Play
 	if in.RequirePIN && in.PIN != "" {
 		patch["pin_hash"] = hashPIN(in.PIN)
 	} else if in.RequirePIN && row.PINHash == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("pin required")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: pin required", ErrPlayProfileValidation)
 	}
 	if !in.RequirePIN {
 		patch["pin_hash"] = ""
@@ -267,19 +269,21 @@ func (s *PlayProfileService) TouchActive(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
 
 // validateProfileInput rejects malformed payloads. On create we require
 // user_id; on update we allow it to be empty (caller supplies it via URL).
+// Errors wrap ErrPlayProfileValidation so handlers can distinguish
+// validation failures (400) from infrastructure errors (500).
 func validateProfileInput(in PlayProfileInput, requireUser bool) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(in.Name) == "" {
-		return errors.New("name required")
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: name required", ErrPlayProfileValidation)
 	}
 	if requireUser && strings.TrimSpace(in.UserID) == "" {
-		return errors.New("user_id required")
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: user_id required", ErrPlayProfileValidation)
 	}
 	if requireUser && in.RequirePIN && strings.TrimSpace(in.PIN) == "" {
-		return errors.New("pin required")
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: pin required", ErrPlayProfileValidation)
 	}
 	if in.RequirePIN && in.PIN != "" {
 		if len(in.PIN) < 4 || len(in.PIN) > 8 {
-			return errors.New("pin must be 4-8 characters")
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: pin must be 4-8 characters", ErrPlayProfileValidation)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil