diff --git a/docs/docs.go b/docs/docs.go
index 2f5ca21a..d37cf169 100644
--- a/docs/docs.go
+++ b/docs/docs.go
@@ -2595,7 +2595,7 @@ const docTemplate = `{
                         "SessionCookie": []
                     }
                 ],
-                "description": "返回系统所有的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态，需要管理员权限",
+                "description": "返回管理员可管理的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态；系统内部排程不会暴露，需要管理员权限",
                 "produces": [
                     "application/json"
                 ],
@@ -2860,6 +2860,12 @@ const docTemplate = `{
                             "$ref": "#/definitions/response.Any"
                         }
                     },
+                    "404": {
+                        "description": "定时任务不存在",
+                        "schema": {
+                            "$ref": "#/definitions/response.Any"
+                        }
+                    },
                     "500": {
                         "description": "删除定时任务失败",
                         "schema": {
diff --git a/docs/swagger.json b/docs/swagger.json
index cc0f02c5..e02e9b98 100644
--- a/docs/swagger.json
+++ b/docs/swagger.json
@@ -2588,7 +2588,7 @@
                         "SessionCookie": []
                     }
                 ],
-                "description": "返回系统所有的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态，需要管理员权限",
+                "description": "返回管理员可管理的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态；系统内部排程不会暴露，需要管理员权限",
                 "produces": [
                     "application/json"
                 ],
@@ -2853,6 +2853,12 @@
                             "$ref": "#/definitions/response.Any"
                         }
                     },
+                    "404": {
+                        "description": "定时任务不存在",
+                        "schema": {
+                            "$ref": "#/definitions/response.Any"
+                        }
+                    },
                     "500": {
                         "description": "删除定时任务失败",
                         "schema": {
diff --git a/docs/swagger.yaml b/docs/swagger.yaml
index edce34e0..3c9e9cdf 100644
--- a/docs/swagger.yaml
+++ b/docs/swagger.yaml
@@ -5717,7 +5717,7 @@ paths:
       - admin
   /api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules:
     get:
-      description: 返回系统所有的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态，需要管理员权限
+      description: 返回管理员可管理的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态；系统内部排程不会暴露，需要管理员权限
       produces:
       - application/json
       responses:
@@ -5822,6 +5822,10 @@ paths:
           description: 无管理员权限
           schema:
             $ref: '#/definitions/response.Any'
+        "404":
+          description: 定时任务不存在
+          schema:
+            $ref: '#/definitions/response.Any'
         "500":
           description: 删除定时任务失败
           schema:
diff --git a/internal/apps/admin/task/routers.go b/internal/apps/admin/task/routers.go
index 594f1eb2..78d391a5 100644
--- a/internal/apps/admin/task/routers.go
+++ b/internal/apps/admin/task/routers.go
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ func RetryTask(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // ListSchedules 获取定时任务列表
 // @Summary 获取定时任务列表
-// @Description 返回系统所有的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态，需要管理员权限
+// @Description 返回管理员可管理的定时任务配置列表，包括名称、关联的异步任务类型、Cron 表达式和启用状态；系统内部排程不会暴露，需要管理员权限
 // @Tags admin
 // @Produce json
 // @Security SessionCookie
@@ -216,7 +216,15 @@ func ListSchedules(c *gin.Context) {
 		response.AbortInternal(c, err.Error())
 		return
 	}
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response.OK(schedules))
+	visible := make([]model.Schedule, 0, len(schedules))
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		meta := task.GetTaskMeta(schedule.TaskType)
+		if meta != nil && meta.InternalOnly {
+			continue
+		}
+		visible = append(visible, schedule)
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response.OK(visible))
 }
 
 // CreateScheduleRequest 创建定时任务请求
@@ -405,6 +413,7 @@ func getAdminTaskMeta(taskType string) *task.TaskMeta {
 // @Failure 400 {object} response.Any "参数错误"
 // @Failure 401 {object} response.Any "未登录"
 // @Failure 403 {object} response.Any "无管理员权限"
+// @Failure 404 {object} response.Any "定时任务不存在"
 // @Failure 500 {object} response.Any "删除定时任务失败"
 // @Router /api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules/{id} [delete]
 func DeleteSchedule(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -413,6 +422,15 @@ func DeleteSchedule(c *gin.Context) {
 		response.AbortBadRequest(c, "无效的定时任务ID")
 		return
 	}
+	schedule, err := model.GetScheduleByID(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		response.AbortNotFound(c, ScheduleNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+	if meta := task.GetTaskMeta(schedule.TaskType); meta != nil && meta.InternalOnly {
+		response.AbortBadRequest(c, InvalidTaskType)
+		return
+	}
 
 	if err := model.DeleteSchedule(c.Request.Context(), id); err != nil {
 		response.AbortInternal(c, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v", ScheduleDeleteFailed, err))
diff --git a/internal/apps/admin/task/routers_test.go b/internal/apps/admin/task/routers_test.go
index 694861e7..3cd63fb9 100644
--- a/internal/apps/admin/task/routers_test.go
+++ b/internal/apps/admin/task/routers_test.go
@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ func setupTestRouter(authUser *model.User) *gin.Engine {
 	adminGroup.GET("/tasks/executions", ListTaskExecutions)
 	adminGroup.GET("/tasks/executions/:id", GetTaskExecution)
 	adminGroup.POST("/tasks/executions/:id/retry", RetryTask)
+	adminGroup.GET("/tasks/schedules", ListSchedules)
 	adminGroup.POST("/tasks/schedules", CreateSchedule)
 	adminGroup.PUT("/tasks/schedules/:id", UpdateSchedule)
+	adminGroup.DELETE("/tasks/schedules/:id", DeleteSchedule)
 	return r
 }
 
@@ -137,6 +139,39 @@ func TestInternalOnlyTaskAdminBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
 	router := setupTestRouter(adminUser)
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
+	t.Run("list hides internal-only schedule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		internalSchedule := &model.Schedule{
+			Name:     "隐藏的系统内部排程",
+			TaskType: testInternalOnlyTaskType,
+			Cron:     "*/5 * * * *",
+			Payload:  "{}",
+			IsActive: true,
+		}
+		publicSchedule := &model.Schedule{
+			Name:     "可见的公开排程",
+			TaskType: uploadtask.TaskTypeSystemCleanup,
+			Cron:     "0 * * * *",
+			Payload:  "{}",
+			IsActive: true,
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, model.CreateSchedule(ctx, internalSchedule))
+		require.NoError(t, model.CreateSchedule(ctx, publicSchedule))
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+		var resp response.Any
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+		data, err := json.Marshal(resp.Data)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		var schedules []model.Schedule
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &schedules))
+		assert.NotContains(t, scheduleIDs(schedules), internalSchedule.ID)
+		assert.Contains(t, scheduleIDs(schedules), publicSchedule.ID)
+	})
+
 	t.Run("dispatch rejects internal-only task", func(t *testing.T) {
 		body, err := json.Marshal(DispatchTaskRequest{TaskType: testInternalOnlyTaskType})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -239,6 +274,74 @@ func TestInternalOnlyTaskAdminBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "公开排程", unchanged.Name)
 		assert.Equal(t, uploadtask.TaskTypeSystemCleanup, unchanged.TaskType)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("delete rejects internal-only schedule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		schedule := &model.Schedule{
+			Name:     "不可删除的系统内部排程",
+			TaskType: testInternalOnlyTaskType,
+			Cron:     "*/5 * * * *",
+			IsActive: true,
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, model.CreateSchedule(ctx, schedule))
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(
+			http.MethodDelete,
+			fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules/%d", schedule.ID),
+			nil,
+		)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+		var resp response.Any
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+		assert.Equal(t, InvalidTaskType, resp.ErrorMsg)
+		preserved, err := model.GetScheduleByID(ctx, schedule.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testInternalOnlyTaskType, preserved.TaskType)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete missing schedule returns not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules/999999", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+		var resp response.Any
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp))
+		assert.Equal(t, ScheduleNotFound, resp.ErrorMsg)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete public schedule remains allowed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		schedule := &model.Schedule{
+			Name:     "可删除的公开排程",
+			TaskType: uploadtask.TaskTypeSystemCleanup,
+			Cron:     "0 * * * *",
+			IsActive: false,
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, model.CreateSchedule(ctx, schedule))
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(
+			http.MethodDelete,
+			fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/admin/tasks/schedules/%d", schedule.ID),
+			nil,
+		)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+		_, err := model.GetScheduleByID(ctx, schedule.ID)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func scheduleIDs(schedules []model.Schedule) []uint64 {
+	ids := make([]uint64, 0, len(schedules))
+	for _, schedule := range schedules {
+		ids = append(ids, schedule.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
 }
 
 func TestDispatchTask(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup.go b/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f80380f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Arctel.net
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pages
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/apps/upload"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/db"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/model"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/repository"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/pkg/logger"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+const pagesOrphanUploadIsolation = 2 * time.Hour
+
+// PagesOrphanCleanupSummary describes one bounded delayed compensation pass.
+// Every candidate is counted exactly once in one outcome field.
+//
+//nolint:revive // Keep the domain-qualified exported name for scanner/task result clarity.
+type PagesOrphanCleanupSummary struct {
+	Candidates    int `json:"candidates"`
+	Reconciled    int `json:"reconciled"`
+	Referenced    int `json:"referenced"`
+	LeaseBusy     int `json:"lease_busy"`
+	InvalidMarker int `json:"invalid_marker"`
+	Skipped       int `json:"skipped"`
+	Failed        int `json:"failed"`
+}
+
+type pagesOrphanMarker struct {
+	ProjectID uint
+	SourceID  *uint
+}
+
+type pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome uint8
+
+const (
+	pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome = iota
+	pagesOrphanCleanupReconciled
+	pagesOrphanCleanupReferenced
+	pagesOrphanCleanupLeaseBusy
+	pagesOrphanCleanupInvalidMarker
+)
+
+// ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads performs one bounded delayed compensation pass.
+// Individual candidate failures are counted and logged so they do not prevent
+// the scanner from continuing with source checks.
+func ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	now time.Time,
+) (PagesOrphanCleanupSummary, error) {
+	if now.IsZero() {
+		now = time.Now()
+	}
+	cutoff := now.UTC().Add(-pagesOrphanUploadIsolation)
+	systemUser := repository.GetSystemUser(ctx)
+	candidates, err := model.ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(ctx, model.PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery{
+		SystemUserID:  systemUser.ID,
+		UploadType:    upload.ReservedPagesDeploymentType,
+		Marker:        pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+		CreatedBefore: cutoff,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return PagesOrphanCleanupSummary{}, err
+	}
+
+	summary := PagesOrphanCleanupSummary{Candidates: len(candidates)}
+	for index := range candidates {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return summary, err
+		}
+		candidate := &candidates[index]
+		marker, err := parsePagesOrphanMarker(candidate.Metadata)
+		if err != nil {
+			summary.InvalidMarker++
+			logger.WarnF(ctx, "[PagesSource] orphan upload marker invalid: upload_id=%d error=%v", candidate.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		outcome, err := reconcilePagesOrphanUploadCandidate(
+			ctx,
+			candidate,
+			marker,
+			systemUser.ID,
+			cutoff,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			summary.Failed++
+			logger.WarnF(ctx, "[PagesSource] orphan upload reconciliation failed: upload_id=%d error=%v", candidate.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		summary.add(outcome)
+	}
+	return summary, nil
+}
+
+func (summary *PagesOrphanCleanupSummary) add(outcome pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome) {
+	switch outcome {
+	case pagesOrphanCleanupReconciled:
+		summary.Reconciled++
+	case pagesOrphanCleanupReferenced:
+		summary.Referenced++
+	case pagesOrphanCleanupLeaseBusy:
+		summary.LeaseBusy++
+	case pagesOrphanCleanupInvalidMarker:
+		summary.InvalidMarker++
+	default:
+		summary.Skipped++
+	}
+}
+
+func reconcilePagesOrphanUploadCandidate(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	candidate *model.Upload,
+	marker pagesOrphanMarker,
+	systemUserID uint64,
+	cutoff time.Time,
+) (pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome, error) {
+	if candidate == nil || candidate.ID == 0 {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, nil
+	}
+
+	outcome := pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped
+	uploadLocked := false
+	err := db.DB(ctx).Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		scopeOutcome, proceed, err := lockPagesOrphanCleanupScope(ctx, tx, candidate.ID, marker)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !proceed {
+			outcome = scopeOutcome
+			return nil
+		}
+		lockedOutcome, locked, err := reconcileLockedPagesOrphanUpload(
+			ctx,
+			tx,
+			candidate.ID,
+			marker,
+			systemUserID,
+			cutoff,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		outcome = lockedOutcome
+		uploadLocked = locked
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, err
+	}
+	if uploadLocked {
+		// Also heal a prior post-commit cache invalidation interruption when the
+		// status transition was an idempotent no-op.
+		upload.InvalidateUploadMetaCache(ctx, candidate.ID)
+	}
+	return outcome, nil
+}
+
+func lockPagesOrphanCleanupScope(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	tx *gorm.DB,
+	uploadID uint64,
+	marker pagesOrphanMarker,
+) (pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome, bool, error) {
+	var project model.PagesProject
+	if _, err := lockOptionalPagesCleanupRecord(tx, &project, "id = ?", marker.ProjectID); err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, false, err
+	}
+	if marker.SourceID == nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, nil
+	}
+
+	var source model.PagesProjectSource
+	sourceExists, err := lockOptionalPagesCleanupRecord(tx, &source, "id = ?", *marker.SourceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, false, err
+	}
+	if !sourceExists {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, nil
+	}
+	if source.ProjectID != marker.ProjectID {
+		logger.WarnF(ctx,
+			"[PagesSource] orphan upload source ownership mismatch: upload_id=%d project_id=%d source_id=%d source_project_id=%d",
+			uploadID,
+			marker.ProjectID,
+			*marker.SourceID,
+			source.ProjectID,
+		)
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupInvalidMarker, false, nil
+	}
+
+	var runtime model.PagesProjectSourceRuntime
+	runtimeExists, err := lockOptionalPagesCleanupRecord(tx, &runtime, "source_id = ?", source.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, false, err
+	}
+	// Read the real clock only after obtaining the runtime row lock. The scanner
+	// snapshot time is only an isolation cutoff and may be stale after lock wait.
+	leaseCheckedAt := time.Now()
+	if runtimeExists && runtime.LeaseExpiresAt != nil && runtime.LeaseExpiresAt.After(leaseCheckedAt) {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupLeaseBusy, false, nil
+	}
+	return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, nil
+}
+
+func reconcileLockedPagesOrphanUpload(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	tx *gorm.DB,
+	uploadID uint64,
+	marker pagesOrphanMarker,
+	systemUserID uint64,
+	cutoff time.Time,
+) (pagesOrphanCleanupOutcome, bool, error) {
+	var lockedUpload model.Upload
+	found, err := lockOptionalPagesCleanupRecord(tx, &lockedUpload, "id = ?", uploadID)
+	if err != nil || !found {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, false, err
+	}
+
+	lockedMarker, err := parsePagesOrphanMarker(lockedUpload.Metadata)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnF(ctx, "[PagesSource] orphan upload marker changed or invalid: upload_id=%d error=%v", uploadID, err)
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupInvalidMarker, true, nil
+	}
+	if lockedUpload.Status != model.UploadStatusUsed ||
+		lockedUpload.UserID != systemUserID ||
+		lockedUpload.Type != upload.ReservedPagesDeploymentType ||
+		!lockedUpload.CreatedAt.Before(cutoff) {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, nil
+	}
+	if lockedMarker.ProjectID != marker.ProjectID || !sameOptionalPagesSourceID(lockedMarker.SourceID, marker.SourceID) {
+		logger.WarnF(ctx, "[PagesSource] orphan upload marker changed during reconciliation: upload_id=%d", uploadID)
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupInvalidMarker, true, nil
+	}
+
+	var references int64
+	if err := tx.Model(&model.PagesDeployment{}).
+		Where("upload_id = ?", lockedUpload.ID).
+		Count(&references).Error; err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, err
+	}
+	if references > 0 {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupReferenced, true, nil
+	}
+
+	transitioned, err := upload.RemoveLockedTx(tx, &lockedUpload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, err
+	}
+	if transitioned {
+		return pagesOrphanCleanupReconciled, true, nil
+	}
+	return pagesOrphanCleanupSkipped, true, nil
+}
+
+func lockOptionalPagesCleanupRecord(
+	tx *gorm.DB,
+	value any,
+	query string,
+	args ...any,
+) (bool, error) {
+	err := tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: pagesRowLockStrength}).
+		Where(query, args...).
+		First(value).Error
+	if err == nil {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return false, err
+}
+
+func parsePagesOrphanMarker(metadata model.UploadMetadata) (pagesOrphanMarker, error) {
+	if metadata.Extra == nil {
+		return pagesOrphanMarker{}, errors.New("pages marker metadata missing")
+	}
+	marker, ok := metadata.Extra[pagesIngestMarkerKey].(string)
+	if !ok || marker != pagesIngestMarkerV2 {
+		return pagesOrphanMarker{}, errors.New("pages marker version invalid")
+	}
+	projectID, err := parsePagesOrphanMetadataID(metadata.Extra, pagesProjectIDMetadataKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return pagesOrphanMarker{}, err
+	}
+	result := pagesOrphanMarker{ProjectID: projectID}
+	if _, exists := metadata.Extra[pagesSourceIDMetadataKey]; exists {
+		sourceID, err := parsePagesOrphanMetadataID(metadata.Extra, pagesSourceIDMetadataKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return pagesOrphanMarker{}, err
+		}
+		result.SourceID = &sourceID
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func parsePagesOrphanMetadataID(extra map[string]any, key string) (uint, error) {
+	raw, exists := extra[key]
+	if !exists {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pages marker %s missing", key)
+	}
+	value, ok := raw.(string)
+	if !ok || value == "" {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pages marker %s must be a decimal string", key)
+	}
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 10, 64)
+	maxModelID := uint64(^uint(0) >> 1)
+	if err != nil || parsed == 0 || parsed > maxModelID || strconv.FormatUint(parsed, 10) != value {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pages marker %s is not a canonical non-zero decimal ID", key)
+	}
+	return uint(parsed), nil
+}
+
+func sameOptionalPagesSourceID(left, right *uint) bool {
+	if left == nil || right == nil {
+		return left == nil && right == nil
+	}
+	return *left == *right
+}
diff --git a/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup_test.go b/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2919c299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/apps/openflare/pages/source_orphan_cleanup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Arctel.net
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pages
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/apps/upload"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/db"
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/model"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+func TestParsePagesOrphanMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		extra        map[string]any
+		wantProject  uint
+		wantSource   uint
+		wantSourceOK bool
+		wantErr      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "manual source marker",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "12",
+			},
+			wantProject: 12,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "persistent source marker",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "12",
+				pagesSourceIDMetadataKey:  "34",
+			},
+			wantProject:  12,
+			wantSource:   34,
+			wantSourceOK: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "project ID must be canonical decimal",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "012",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "source ID must be a string",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "12",
+				pagesSourceIDMetadataKey:  float64(34),
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "zero ID rejected",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "0",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrong marker version rejected",
+			extra: map[string]any{
+				pagesIngestMarkerKey:      "pages_deployment_v1",
+				pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: "12",
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parsePagesOrphanMarker(model.UploadMetadata{Extra: test.extra})
+			if gotErr := err != nil; gotErr != test.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("parsePagesOrphanMarker(%v) error = %v, want error presence = %t", test.extra, err, test.wantErr)
+			}
+			if test.wantErr {
+				return
+			}
+			if got.ProjectID != test.wantProject {
+				t.Errorf("parsePagesOrphanMarker(%v).ProjectID = %d, want %d", test.extra, got.ProjectID, test.wantProject)
+			}
+			if gotSourceOK := got.SourceID != nil; gotSourceOK != test.wantSourceOK {
+				t.Fatalf("parsePagesOrphanMarker(%v).SourceID presence = %t, want %t", test.extra, gotSourceOK, test.wantSourceOK)
+			}
+			if got.SourceID != nil && *got.SourceID != test.wantSource {
+				t.Errorf("parsePagesOrphanMarker(%v).SourceID = %d, want %d", test.extra, *got.SourceID, test.wantSource)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReconcilePagesOrphanUploadsDeletesEligibleUploadOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	project := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "eligible-orphan")
+	candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), project.ID, nil)
+	if err := upload.RebuildUploadStats(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RebuildUploadStats() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if summary.Candidates != 1 || summary.Reconciled != 1 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want one reconciled candidate", summary)
+	}
+	assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusDeleted)
+	assertPagesCleanupTotalStat(t, ctx, 0)
+
+	second, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now.Add(time.Minute))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if second.Candidates != 0 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(second) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("second ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want empty", second)
+	}
+	assertPagesCleanupTotalStat(t, ctx, 0)
+}
+
+func TestReconcilePagesOrphanUploadsAllowsDeletedProjectAndSource(t *testing.T) {
+	cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	missingSourceID := uint(9876)
+	candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), 8765, &missingSourceID)
+
+	summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if summary.Candidates != 1 || summary.Reconciled != 1 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want deleted project/source treated as one orphan", summary)
+	}
+	assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusDeleted)
+}
+
+func TestReconcilePagesOrphanUploadsSkipsBusyLeaseAndSourceMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("unexpired source lease", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		realNow := time.Now().UTC()
+		// A deliberately future scanner snapshot proves lease freshness uses the
+		// real clock after the runtime lock, not this isolation-cutoff input.
+		scannerNow := realNow.Add(24 * time.Hour)
+		project := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "busy-orphan")
+		source := createPagesOrphanSource(t, ctx, project.ID)
+		future := realNow.Add(time.Hour)
+		if err := db.DB(ctx).Create(&model.PagesProjectSourceRuntime{
+			SourceID:       source.ID,
+			LeaseToken:     "busy-worker",
+			LeaseExpiresAt: &future,
+		}).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create busy source runtime error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, realNow.Add(-3*time.Hour), project.ID, &source.ID)
+
+		summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, scannerNow)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if summary.LeaseBusy != 1 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want one lease-busy candidate", summary)
+		}
+		assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusUsed)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("source belongs to another project", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		now := time.Now().UTC()
+		markerProject := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "marker-project")
+		actualProject := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "actual-project")
+		source := createPagesOrphanSource(t, ctx, actualProject.ID)
+		candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), markerProject.ID, &source.ID)
+
+		summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if summary.InvalidMarker != 1 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want one ownership mismatch", summary)
+		}
+		assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusUsed)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReconcilePagesOrphanUploadsRejectsMalformedMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), 1, nil)
+	metadata := candidate.Metadata
+	metadata.Extra[pagesProjectIDMetadataKey] = "01"
+	candidate.Metadata = metadata
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).Save(candidate).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed malformed candidate marker error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if summary.InvalidMarker != 1 || cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want one invalid marker", summary)
+	}
+	assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusUsed)
+}
+
+func TestPagesOrphanCleanupAndDeploymentCommitInterleavings(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("deployment reference commits first", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		now := time.Now().UTC()
+		project := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "deployment-first")
+		candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), project.ID, nil)
+		marker, err := parsePagesOrphanMarker(candidate.Metadata)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("parsePagesOrphanMarker() error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if err := db.DB(ctx).Create(&model.PagesDeployment{
+			ProjectID:        project.ID,
+			DeploymentNumber: 1,
+			Checksum:         "deployment-first",
+			Status:           model.PagesDeploymentStatusUploaded,
+			UploadID:         candidate.ID,
+		}).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create deployment reference error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+
+		outcome, err := reconcilePagesOrphanUploadCandidate(ctx, candidate, marker, 999, now.Add(-2*time.Hour))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("reconcilePagesOrphanUploadCandidate() error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if outcome != pagesOrphanCleanupReferenced {
+			t.Errorf("reconcilePagesOrphanUploadCandidate() outcome = %d, want %d", outcome, pagesOrphanCleanupReferenced)
+		}
+		assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t, ctx, candidate.ID, model.UploadStatusUsed)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cleanup commits first", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cleanup := setupPagesTestDB(t)
+		defer cleanup()
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		now := time.Now().UTC()
+		project := createPagesOrphanProject(t, ctx, "cleanup-first")
+		candidate := createPagesOrphanUpload(t, ctx, now.Add(-3*time.Hour), project.ID, nil)
+
+		summary, err := ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads(ctx, now)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if summary.Reconciled != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("ReconcilePagesOrphanUploads() summary = %+v, want one reconciled candidate", summary)
+		}
+
+		target := &model.PagesDeployment{ProjectID: project.ID, UploadID: candidate.ID}
+		err = db.DB(ctx).Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+			var lockedProject model.PagesProject
+			if err := tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: pagesRowLockStrength}).First(&lockedProject, project.ID).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return lockSourceDeploymentUploadsTx(tx, target, upload.IngestResult{}, false)
+		})
+		if !errors.Is(err, errSourceFinalFence) {
+			t.Errorf("final deployment upload lock after cleanup error = %v, want %v", err, errSourceFinalFence)
+		}
+		var references int64
+		if err := db.DB(ctx).Model(&model.PagesDeployment{}).Where("upload_id = ?", candidate.ID).Count(&references).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("count deployment references error = %v, want nil", err)
+		}
+		if references != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("deployment references after cleanup-first interleaving = %d, want 0", references)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func cleanupOutcomeTotal(summary PagesOrphanCleanupSummary) int {
+	return summary.Reconciled + summary.Referenced + summary.LeaseBusy + summary.InvalidMarker + summary.Skipped + summary.Failed
+}
+
+func createPagesOrphanProject(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, slug string) *model.PagesProject {
+	t.Helper()
+	project := &model.PagesProject{Name: slug, Slug: slug, Enabled: true}
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).Create(project).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create Pages orphan project %q error = %v, want nil", slug, err)
+	}
+	return project
+}
+
+func createPagesOrphanSource(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, projectID uint) *model.PagesProjectSource {
+	t.Helper()
+	source := &model.PagesProjectSource{
+		ProjectID:      projectID,
+		SourceType:     PagesSourceTypeRemoteURL,
+		ConfigVersion:  1,
+		SourceIdentity: "orphan-source-identity",
+	}
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).Create(source).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create Pages orphan source for project %d error = %v, want nil", projectID, err)
+	}
+	return source
+}
+
+func createPagesOrphanUpload(
+	t *testing.T,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	createdAt time.Time,
+	projectID uint,
+	sourceID *uint,
+) *model.Upload {
+	t.Helper()
+	extra := map[string]any{
+		pagesIngestMarkerKey:      pagesIngestMarkerV2,
+		pagesProjectIDMetadataKey: strconv.FormatUint(uint64(projectID), 10),
+	}
+	if sourceID != nil {
+		extra[pagesSourceIDMetadataKey] = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*sourceID), 10)
+	}
+	candidate := &model.Upload{
+		UserID:     999,
+		FileName:   "site.zip",
+		FilePath:   "pages/orphan-site.zip",
+		FileSize:   64,
+		MimeType:   "application/zip",
+		Extension:  "zip",
+		Hash:       "orphan-checksum",
+		Type:       upload.ReservedPagesDeploymentType,
+		Status:     model.UploadStatusUsed,
+		AccessMode: 0,
+		Metadata:   model.UploadMetadata{Extra: extra},
+		CreatedAt:  createdAt,
+		UpdatedAt:  createdAt,
+	}
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).Create(candidate).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create Pages orphan upload error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	return candidate
+}
+
+func assertPagesCleanupUploadStatus(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, uploadID uint64, want model.UploadStatus) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var got model.Upload
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).First(&got, uploadID).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load upload %d error = %v, want nil", uploadID, err)
+	}
+	if got.Status != want {
+		t.Errorf("upload %d status = %q, want %q", uploadID, got.Status, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertPagesCleanupTotalStat(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, want int64) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var stat model.UploadStat
+	if err := db.DB(ctx).Where("dimension = ? AND stat_key = ?", model.UploadStatDimensionTotal, "").First(&stat).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load total upload stat error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if stat.FileCount != want {
+		t.Errorf("total upload stat FileCount = %d, want %d", stat.FileCount, want)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup.go b/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a740a54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Arctel.net
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package model
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/db"
+)
+
+const (
+	// PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit bounds one delayed Pages upload cleanup pass.
+	PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit = 100
+
+	pagesOrphanMarkerPredicatePostgres = "w_uploads.metadata #>> '{extra,pages_ingest_marker}' = ?"
+	pagesOrphanMarkerPredicateSQLite   = "CASE WHEN json_valid(w_uploads.metadata) THEN json_extract(w_uploads.metadata, '$.extra.pages_ingest_marker') ELSE NULL END = ?"
+)
+
+// PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery describes the fail-closed SQL candidate set
+// for delayed Pages upload compensation.
+type PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery struct {
+	SystemUserID  uint64
+	UploadType    string
+	Marker        string
+	CreatedBefore time.Time
+}
+
+// ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates returns at most 100 unreferenced, isolated
+// Pages V2 upload records. Callers must still lock and recheck every condition
+// before deleting a candidate.
+func ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	input PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery,
+) ([]Upload, error) {
+	if input.SystemUserID == 0 || input.UploadType == "" || input.Marker == "" || input.CreatedBefore.IsZero() {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid pages orphan upload candidate query")
+	}
+	markerPredicate, err := pagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(db.DB(ctx).Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	deploymentTable := (PagesDeployment{}).TableName()
+	uploadTable := (Upload{}).TableName()
+	var candidates []Upload
+	err = db.DB(ctx).
+		Model(&Upload{}).
+		Where(uploadTable+".status = ?", UploadStatusUsed).
+		Where(uploadTable+".user_id = ?", input.SystemUserID).
+		Where(uploadTable+".type = ?", input.UploadType).
+		Where(uploadTable+".created_at < ?", input.CreatedBefore).
+		Where(markerPredicate, input.Marker).
+		Where("NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM " + deploymentTable + " WHERE " + deploymentTable + ".upload_id = " + uploadTable + ".id)").
+		Order(uploadTable + ".id ASC").
+		Limit(PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit).
+		Find(&candidates).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return candidates, nil
+}
+
+func pagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(dialect string) (string, error) {
+	switch dialect {
+	case "postgres":
+		return pagesOrphanMarkerPredicatePostgres, nil
+	case "sqlite":
+		return pagesOrphanMarkerPredicateSQLite, nil
+	default:
+		return "", errors.New("unsupported database dialect for Pages orphan cleanup")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup_test.go b/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc249d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/model/openflare_pages_cleanup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Arctel.net
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package model
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/internal/db"
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func TestPagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		dialect string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "postgres jsonb path",
+			dialect: "postgres",
+			want:    "metadata #>> '{extra,pages_ingest_marker}'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "sqlite guarded json extract",
+			dialect: "sqlite",
+			want:    "CASE WHEN json_valid(w_uploads.metadata) THEN json_extract",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unknown dialect rejected",
+			dialect: "mysql",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := pagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(test.dialect)
+			if gotErr := err != nil; gotErr != test.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("pagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(%q) error = %v, want error presence = %t", test.dialect, err, test.wantErr)
+			}
+			if test.want != "" && !strings.Contains(got, test.want) {
+				t.Errorf("pagesOrphanMarkerPredicate(%q) = %q, want substring %q", test.dialect, got, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListPagesOrphanUploadCandidatesFiltersAndLimits(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	gormDB := setupPagesCleanupModelTestDB(t)
+	cutoff := time.Now().UTC().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	old := cutoff.Add(-time.Minute)
+	marker := UploadMetadata{Extra: map[string]any{
+		"pages_ingest_marker": "pages_deployment_v2",
+		"pages_project_id":    "1",
+	}}
+
+	valid := make([]Upload, 0, PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit+1)
+	for index := 0; index < PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit+1; index++ {
+		valid = append(valid, pagesCleanupModelUpload(uint64(index+100), 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, old, marker))
+	}
+	if err := gormDB.Create(&valid).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create valid candidates error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	referenced := pagesCleanupModelUpload(1, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, old, marker)
+	wrongOwner := pagesCleanupModelUpload(2, 1000, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, old, marker)
+	wrongType := pagesCleanupModelUpload(3, 999, "generic", UploadStatusUsed, old, marker)
+	wrongStatus := pagesCleanupModelUpload(4, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusPending, old, marker)
+	fresh := pagesCleanupModelUpload(5, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, cutoff, marker)
+	wrongMarker := pagesCleanupModelUpload(6, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, old, UploadMetadata{Extra: map[string]any{
+		"pages_ingest_marker": "pages_deployment_v1",
+		"pages_project_id":    "1",
+	}})
+	for _, upload := range []Upload{referenced, wrongOwner, wrongType, wrongStatus, fresh, wrongMarker} {
+		if err := gormDB.Create(&upload).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create filtered upload %d error = %v, want nil", upload.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := gormDB.Create(&PagesDeployment{
+		ProjectID:        1,
+		DeploymentNumber: 1,
+		Checksum:         "referenced",
+		Status:           PagesDeploymentStatusUploaded,
+		UploadID:         referenced.ID,
+	}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create referenced deployment error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	invalidJSON := pagesCleanupModelUpload(7, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, old, marker)
+	if err := gormDB.Create(&invalidJSON).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create invalid JSON upload error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if err := gormDB.Table((Upload{}).TableName()).Where("id = ?", invalidJSON.ID).
+		UpdateColumn("metadata", "{invalid").Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("corrupt upload metadata error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(ctx, PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery{
+		SystemUserID:  999,
+		UploadType:    "openflare_pages_deployment",
+		Marker:        "pages_deployment_v2",
+		CreatedBefore: cutoff,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates() error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit {
+		t.Fatalf("ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates() count = %d, want %d", len(got), PagesOrphanUploadCandidateLimit)
+	}
+	for index, candidate := range got {
+		wantID := uint64(index + 100)
+		if candidate.ID != wantID {
+			t.Errorf("ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates()[%d].ID = %d, want %d", index, candidate.ID, wantID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListPagesOrphanUploadCandidatesSkipsInvalidSQLiteJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	gormDB := setupPagesCleanupModelTestDB(t)
+	cutoff := time.Now().UTC().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	upload := pagesCleanupModelUpload(1, 999, "openflare_pages_deployment", UploadStatusUsed, cutoff.Add(-time.Minute), UploadMetadata{})
+	if err := gormDB.Create(&upload).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create invalid JSON candidate error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if err := gormDB.Table((Upload{}).TableName()).Where("id = ?", upload.ID).
+		UpdateColumn("metadata", "{invalid").Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("corrupt upload metadata error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(ctx, PagesOrphanUploadCandidateQuery{
+		SystemUserID:  999,
+		UploadType:    "openflare_pages_deployment",
+		Marker:        "pages_deployment_v2",
+		CreatedBefore: cutoff,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(invalid JSON) error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("ListPagesOrphanUploadCandidates(invalid JSON) count = %d, want 0", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func setupPagesCleanupModelTestDB(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	gormDB, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(":memory:"), &gorm.Config{
+		DisableForeignKeyConstraintWhenMigrating: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open Pages cleanup model test database error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	if err := gormDB.AutoMigrate(&Upload{}, &PagesDeployment{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migrate Pages cleanup model test database error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+	db.SetDB(gormDB)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { db.SetDB(nil) })
+	return gormDB
+}
+
+func pagesCleanupModelUpload(
+	id uint64,
+	userID uint64,
+	uploadType string,
+	status UploadStatus,
+	createdAt time.Time,
+	metadata UploadMetadata,
+) Upload {
+	return Upload{
+		ID:         id,
+		UserID:     userID,
+		FileName:   "site.zip",
+		FilePath:   "pages/site.zip",
+		FileSize:   10,
+		MimeType:   "application/zip",
+		Extension:  "zip",
+		Hash:       "checksum",
+		Type:       uploadType,
+		Status:     status,
+		AccessMode: 0,
+		Metadata:   metadata,
+		CreatedAt:  createdAt,
+		UpdatedAt:  createdAt,
+	}
+}