From a6ab158855179b95bbb76fcb391b5b8d7e23435e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ryan <ryan@arctel.net>
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 2026 23:41:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat(core): implement context service hub and generic ioc
 container

---
 core/container.go    | 189 +++++++++++++++++
 core/context.go      | 268 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 core/context_test.go | 475 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 core/manifest.go     |  35 ++++
 core/types.go        |  71 +++++++
 5 files changed, 1038 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 core/container.go
 create mode 100644 core/context.go
 create mode 100644 core/context_test.go
 create mode 100644 core/manifest.go
 create mode 100644 core/types.go

diff --git a/core/container.go b/core/container.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff9311ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/container.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Container manages service registration and resolution using Go reflection and generics.
+type Container struct {
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	parent    *Container
+	services  map[reflect.Type]any
+	listeners map[reflect.Type][]func(any)
+}
+
+// NewContainer creates a new IoC container instance with an optional parent container.
+func NewContainer(parent *Container) *Container {
+	return &Container{
+		parent:    parent,
+		services:  make(map[reflect.Type]any),
+		listeners: make(map[reflect.Type][]func(any)),
+	}
+}
+
+func isNil(i any) bool {
+	if i == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(i)
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Chan, reflect.Func, reflect.Map, reflect.Pointer, reflect.UnsafePointer, reflect.Interface, reflect.Slice:
+		return v.IsNil()
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Provide registers a typed service implementation into the Context's IoC container.
+func Provide[T any](ctx *Context, service T) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		panic("core: nil context provided to Provide")
+	}
+	if isNil(service) {
+		panic("core: cannot provide nil service")
+	}
+
+	targetType := reflect.TypeFor[T]()
+	ctx.Container().provide(targetType, service)
+}
+
+func (c *Container) provide(targetType reflect.Type, service any) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.services[targetType] = service
+
+	// Collect any matching listeners to invoke outside the lock
+	var callbacks []func(any)
+	svcType := reflect.TypeOf(service)
+	for lType, cbs := range c.listeners {
+		if lType == targetType || (lType.Kind() == reflect.Interface && svcType.Implements(lType)) {
+			callbacks = append(callbacks, cbs...)
+		}
+	}
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, cb := range callbacks {
+		cb(service)
+	}
+}
+
+// Inject resolves a registered service of type T from the Context.
+func Inject[T any](ctx *Context) (T, error) {
+	var zero T
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return zero, ErrNilContext
+	}
+
+	targetType := reflect.TypeFor[T]()
+	val, err := ctx.Container().resolve(targetType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return zero, err
+	}
+
+	typedVal, ok := val.(T)
+	if !ok {
+		return zero, fmt.Errorf("%w: cannot cast %T to %v", ErrServiceNotFound, val, targetType)
+	}
+	return typedVal, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Container) resolve(targetType reflect.Type) (any, error) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	// 1. Direct type match
+	if val, ok := c.services[targetType]; ok {
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
+		return val, nil
+	}
+
+	// 2. Interface assignment scan
+	if targetType.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+		for _, val := range c.services {
+			if reflect.TypeOf(val).Implements(targetType) {
+				c.mu.RUnlock()
+				return val, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// 3. Fallback to parent container
+	if c.parent != nil {
+		return c.parent.resolve(targetType)
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrServiceNotFound, targetType)
+}
+
+// MustInject resolves a service of type T or panics if the service is not found.
+func MustInject[T any](ctx *Context) T {
+	s, err := Inject[T](ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("core: failed to inject service %v: %v", reflect.TypeFor[T](), err))
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// Has returns true if a service of type T is registered and resolvable in the Context.
+func Has[T any](ctx *Context) bool {
+	_, err := Inject[T](ctx)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// Using executes the given function synchronously if the required dependency is ready.
+func Using[T1 any](ctx *Context, fn func(s1 T1)) error {
+	s1, err := Inject[T1](ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrServiceNotReady, err)
+	}
+	fn(s1)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Using2 executes the given function synchronously if both required dependencies are ready.
+func Using2[T1, T2 any](ctx *Context, fn func(s1 T1, s2 T2)) error {
+	s1, err1 := Inject[T1](ctx)
+	s2, err2 := Inject[T2](ctx)
+	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: (dep1: %v, dep2: %v)", ErrServiceNotReady, err1, err2)
+	}
+	fn(s1, s2)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Using3 executes the given function synchronously if all 3 required dependencies are ready.
+func Using3[T1, T2, T3 any](ctx *Context, fn func(s1 T1, s2 T2, s3 T3)) error {
+	s1, err1 := Inject[T1](ctx)
+	s2, err2 := Inject[T2](ctx)
+	s3, err3 := Inject[T3](ctx)
+	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || err3 != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: (dep1: %v, dep2: %v, dep3: %v)", ErrServiceNotReady, err1, err2, err3)
+	}
+	fn(s1, s2, s3)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// When registers a reactive hook that is called immediately if T is already provided,
+// or called as soon as T is provided in the future.
+func When[T any](ctx *Context, fn func(s T)) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		panic("core: nil context provided to When")
+	}
+
+	targetType := reflect.TypeFor[T]()
+	c := ctx.Container()
+
+	// If already ready, execute immediately
+	if s, err := Inject[T](ctx); err == nil {
+		fn(s)
+	}
+
+	// Also register listener for future calls / updates
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.listeners[targetType] = append(c.listeners[targetType], func(val any) {
+		if typed, ok := val.(T); ok {
+			fn(typed)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/core/context.go b/core/context.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..980521d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/context.go
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Context is the central micro-kernel service bus and runtime lifecycle container.
+// It embeds Go standard context.Context compatibility, hierarchical scoping,
+// service resolution, and LIFO disposer teardown.
+type Context struct {
+	goCtx     context.Context
+	cancel    context.CancelFunc
+	parent    *Context
+	container *Container
+
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	children  []*Context
+	disposers []Disposer
+	drivers   []Driver
+	values    map[any]any
+	disposed  bool
+}
+
+// NewContext creates a new root Context wrapping a standard Go context.
+// If base is nil, context.Background() is used by default.
+func NewContext(base context.Context) *Context {
+	if base == nil {
+		base = context.Background()
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(base)
+
+	return &Context{
+		goCtx:     ctx,
+		cancel:    cancel,
+		container: NewContainer(nil),
+		values:    make(map[any]any),
+	}
+}
+
+// Deadline returns the time when work done on behalf of this context should be canceled.
+func (c *Context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
+	return c.goCtx.Deadline()
+}
+
+// Done returns a channel that's closed when work done on behalf of this context should be canceled.
+func (c *Context) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return c.goCtx.Done()
+}
+
+// Err returns a non-nil error value after Done is closed.
+func (c *Context) Err() error {
+	return c.goCtx.Err()
+}
+
+// Value returns the value associated with key, searching the local values map,
+// the underlying Go context, and fallback parent Contexts.
+func (c *Context) Value(key any) any {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	if v, ok := c.values[key]; ok {
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
+		return v
+	}
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if v := c.goCtx.Value(key); v != nil {
+		return v
+	}
+
+	if c.parent != nil {
+		return c.parent.Value(key)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GoContext returns the underlying standard Go context.Context.
+func (c *Context) GoContext() context.Context {
+	return c.goCtx
+}
+
+// Set stores an arbitrary key-value pair in this Context's local storage.
+func (c *Context) Set(key any, val any) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if c.values == nil {
+		c.values = make(map[any]any)
+	}
+	c.values[key] = val
+}
+
+// Get retrieves a key-value pair from this Context's local storage.
+func (c *Context) Get(key any) (any, bool) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if c.values == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	v, ok := c.values[key]
+	return v, ok
+}
+
+// Container returns the underlying IoC container for this Context.
+func (c *Context) Container() *Container {
+	return c.container
+}
+
+// Parent returns the parent Context, or nil if this is a root Context.
+func (c *Context) Parent() *Context {
+	return c.parent
+}
+
+// Fork creates a child Context with its own scoped IoC container and values,
+// linked to this Context for hierarchical fallback resolution and cascading teardown.
+func (c *Context) Fork() *Context {
+	return c.ForkWithContext(c.goCtx)
+}
+
+// ForkWithContext creates a child Context using a specific standard Go context.
+func (c *Context) ForkWithContext(base context.Context) *Context {
+	if base == nil {
+		base = c.goCtx
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(base)
+
+	child := &Context{
+		goCtx:     ctx,
+		cancel:    cancel,
+		parent:    c,
+		container: NewContainer(c.container),
+		values:    make(map[any]any),
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.children = append(c.children, child)
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return child
+}
+
+// OnDispose registers a cleanup callback function to be executed when this Context is disposed.
+// It accepts func() error, func(), or Disposer.
+func (c *Context) OnDispose(fn any) {
+	if fn == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var d Disposer
+	switch f := fn.(type) {
+	case Disposer:
+		d = f
+	case func() error:
+		d = f
+	case func():
+		d = func() error {
+			f()
+			return nil
+		}
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("core: OnDispose expects func() error or func(), got %T", fn))
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.disposers = append(c.disposers, d)
+}
+
+// Dispose shuts down this Context and all child Contexts, running registered disposers in LIFO order.
+func (c *Context) Dispose() error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	if c.disposed {
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.disposed = true
+
+	// Copy children and disposers under lock
+	children := make([]*Context, len(c.children))
+	copy(children, c.children)
+
+	disposers := make([]Disposer, len(c.disposers))
+	copy(disposers, c.disposers)
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var errs []error
+
+	// 1. Dispose all child contexts in reverse order
+	for i := len(children) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if err := children[i].Dispose(); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Run local disposers in LIFO order
+	for i := len(disposers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if err := disposers[i](); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. Cancel the Go context
+	if c.cancel != nil {
+		c.cancel()
+	}
+
+	// 4. Detach from parent
+	if c.parent != nil {
+		c.parent.removeChild(c)
+	}
+
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+func (c *Context) removeChild(target *Context) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	for i, child := range c.children {
+		if child == target {
+			c.children = append(c.children[:i], c.children[i+1:]...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// IsDisposed returns true if this Context has been disposed.
+func (c *Context) IsDisposed() bool {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.disposed
+}
+
+// RegisterDriver registers a runtime driver engine on this Context.
+func (c *Context) RegisterDriver(d Driver) error {
+	if d == nil {
+		return ErrNilService
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.drivers = append(c.drivers, d)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Drivers returns a copy of all drivers registered on this Context.
+func (c *Context) Drivers() []Driver {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	result := make([]Driver, len(c.drivers))
+	copy(result, c.drivers)
+	return result
+}
+
+// Driver looks up a registered driver by its driver type.
+func (c *Context) Driver(driverType DriverType) (Driver, bool) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, d := range c.drivers {
+		if d.Type() == driverType {
+			return d, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
diff --git a/core/context_test.go b/core/context_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc9d1282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/context_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+package core_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/Rain-kl/Wavelet/core"
+)
+
+// Sample services for testing
+type SampleService interface {
+	Greet(name string) string
+}
+
+type sampleServiceImpl struct {
+	prefix string
+}
+
+func (s *sampleServiceImpl) Greet(name string) string {
+	if s.prefix != "" {
+		return s.prefix + " " + name
+	}
+	return "Hello, " + name
+}
+
+type LogService interface {
+	Log(msg string)
+}
+
+type logServiceImpl struct {
+	logs []string
+}
+
+func (l *logServiceImpl) Log(msg string) {
+	l.logs = append(l.logs, msg)
+}
+
+type ConfigService interface {
+	Get(key string) string
+}
+
+type configServiceImpl struct {
+	data map[string]string
+}
+
+func (c *configServiceImpl) Get(key string) string {
+	return c.data[key]
+}
+
+// Sample plugin for testing
+type samplePlugin struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+func (p *samplePlugin) Name() string {
+	return p.name
+}
+
+func (p *samplePlugin) Apply(ctx *core.Context) error {
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, &sampleServiceImpl{prefix: "Plugin:"})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *samplePlugin) Manifest() core.Manifest {
+	return core.Manifest{
+		Name:        p.name,
+		Version:     "1.0.0",
+		Description: "Sample plugin",
+	}
+}
+
+// Sample driver for testing
+type mockDriver struct {
+	driverType core.DriverType
+	started    bool
+	stopped    bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockDriver) Type() core.DriverType {
+	return m.driverType
+}
+
+func (m *mockDriver) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	m.started = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockDriver) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	m.stopped = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestContextProvideAndInject(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Before providing, Inject should fail
+	_, err := core.Inject[SampleService](ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, core.ErrServiceNotFound))
+	assert.False(t, core.Has[SampleService](ctx))
+
+	// MustInject should panic
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		core.MustInject[SampleService](ctx)
+	})
+
+	// Provide service
+	svcImpl := &sampleServiceImpl{prefix: "Hello,"}
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, svcImpl)
+
+	// Inject should succeed
+	assert.True(t, core.Has[SampleService](ctx))
+	svc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, Wavelet", svc.Greet("Wavelet"))
+
+	// MustInject should succeed
+	mustSvc := core.MustInject[SampleService](ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, Cordis", mustSvc.Greet("Cordis"))
+}
+
+func TestContextProvideNilPanics(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		core.Provide[SampleService](nil, &sampleServiceImpl{})
+	})
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		var nilSvc SampleService
+		core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, nilSvc)
+	})
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		var nilImpl *sampleServiceImpl
+		core.Provide[*sampleServiceImpl](ctx, nilImpl)
+	})
+
+	// Inject with nil context
+	var nilCtx *core.Context
+	_, err := core.Inject[SampleService](nilCtx)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, core.ErrNilContext)
+}
+
+func TestContextUsing(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+	var called bool
+
+	// Using when service not ready should return ErrServiceNotReady
+	err := core.Using(ctx, func(s SampleService) {
+		called = true
+		assert.Equal(t, "Hello, Cordis", s.Greet("Cordis"))
+	})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, core.ErrServiceNotReady))
+	assert.False(t, called)
+
+	// Provide service and try Using again
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, &sampleServiceImpl{})
+	err = core.Using(ctx, func(s SampleService) {
+		called = true
+		assert.Equal(t, "Hello, Cordis", s.Greet("Cordis"))
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, called)
+}
+
+func TestContextUsingMultiple(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Using2 with missing dependencies
+	var called2 bool
+	err := core.Using2(ctx, func(s SampleService, l LogService) {
+		called2 = true
+	})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, called2)
+
+	// Provide 1 of 2
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, &sampleServiceImpl{})
+	err = core.Using2(ctx, func(s SampleService, l LogService) {
+		called2 = true
+	})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, called2)
+
+	// Provide 2 of 2
+	logSvc := &logServiceImpl{}
+	core.Provide[LogService](ctx, logSvc)
+	err = core.Using2(ctx, func(s SampleService, l LogService) {
+		called2 = true
+		l.Log(s.Greet("World"))
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, called2)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"Hello, World"}, logSvc.logs)
+
+	// Using3 test - error condition
+	err = core.Using3(ctx, func(s SampleService, l LogService, c ConfigService) {})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	// Using3 test - success condition
+	var called3 bool
+	cfgSvc := &configServiceImpl{data: map[string]string{"env": "test"}}
+	core.Provide[ConfigService](ctx, cfgSvc)
+
+	err = core.Using3(ctx, func(s SampleService, l LogService, c ConfigService) {
+		called3 = true
+		assert.Equal(t, "test", c.Get("env"))
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, called3)
+}
+
+func TestContextHierarchyAndFork(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := core.NewContext(nil) // nil base context test
+	core.Provide[SampleService](parent, &sampleServiceImpl{prefix: "Parent:"})
+
+	child := parent.ForkWithContext(nil) // nil child context test
+	require.NotNil(t, child)
+	assert.Equal(t, parent, child.Parent())
+
+	// Child can resolve service from parent
+	svc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](child)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Parent: Ryan", svc.Greet("Ryan"))
+
+	// Child provides LogService
+	childLog := &logServiceImpl{}
+	core.Provide[LogService](child, childLog)
+
+	// Child has LogService, parent does not
+	assert.True(t, core.Has[LogService](child))
+	assert.False(t, core.Has[LogService](parent))
+
+	// Child overrides SampleService
+	core.Provide[SampleService](child, &sampleServiceImpl{prefix: "Child:"})
+	childSvc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](child)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Child: Ryan", childSvc.Greet("Ryan"))
+
+	parentSvc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](parent)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Parent: Ryan", parentSvc.Greet("Ryan"))
+}
+
+func TestContextReactiveWhen(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		core.When[SampleService](nil, func(s SampleService) {})
+	})
+
+	var whenCalled atomic.Bool
+	var greeted string
+
+	// Register When before service is provided
+	core.When[SampleService](ctx, func(s SampleService) {
+		whenCalled.Store(true)
+		greeted = s.Greet("Reactive")
+	})
+
+	assert.False(t, whenCalled.Load())
+
+	// Now Provide the service - listener should trigger
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, &sampleServiceImpl{})
+
+	assert.True(t, whenCalled.Load())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, Reactive", greeted)
+
+	// Register another When after service is already provided - should trigger immediately
+	var immediateCalled bool
+	core.When[SampleService](ctx, func(s SampleService) {
+		immediateCalled = true
+	})
+	assert.True(t, immediateCalled)
+}
+
+func TestContextDisposerLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+	child := parent.Fork()
+
+	var order []string
+
+	// Test nil disposer
+	parent.OnDispose(nil)
+
+	// Test Disposer type
+	var customDisposer core.Disposer = func() error {
+		order = append(order, "parent-custom")
+		return nil
+	}
+	parent.OnDispose(customDisposer)
+
+	parent.OnDispose(func() error {
+		order = append(order, "parent-1")
+		return nil
+	})
+	parent.OnDispose(func() {
+		order = append(order, "parent-2")
+	})
+
+	child.OnDispose(func() error {
+		order = append(order, "child-1")
+		return errors.New("child-1 error")
+	})
+	child.OnDispose(func() {
+		order = append(order, "child-2")
+	})
+
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		parent.OnDispose("invalid-func")
+	})
+
+	assert.False(t, parent.IsDisposed())
+	assert.False(t, child.IsDisposed())
+
+	// Disposing parent should cascade to children first, and execute disposers in LIFO order
+	err := parent.Dispose()
+	assert.Error(t, err) // child-1 error should be joined
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "child-1 error")
+
+	assert.True(t, parent.IsDisposed())
+	assert.True(t, child.IsDisposed())
+
+	// Child disposers run in LIFO: child-2, child-1
+	// Parent disposers run in LIFO: parent-2, parent-1, parent-custom
+	expected := []string{"child-2", "child-1", "parent-2", "parent-1", "parent-custom"}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, order)
+
+	// Disposing again should be idempotent and return nil
+	err = parent.Dispose()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestContextStandardGoContext(t *testing.T) {
+	baseCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Second))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	parentCtx := core.NewContext(baseCtx)
+	parentCtx.Set("parent_key", "parent_val")
+
+	childCtx := parentCtx.Fork()
+
+	// Deadline
+	dl, ok := childCtx.Deadline()
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.False(t, dl.IsZero())
+
+	// Value fallback: child has no key, falls back to parentCtx
+	assert.Equal(t, "parent_val", childCtx.Value("parent_key"))
+
+	// GoContext getter
+	assert.NotNil(t, childCtx.GoContext())
+
+	// Value not found in either
+	assert.Nil(t, childCtx.Value("non_existent_key"))
+
+	// Cancellation propagation
+	select {
+	case <-childCtx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("ctx should not be done yet")
+	default:
+	}
+
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case <-childCtx.Done():
+		assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, childCtx.Err())
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Fatal("ctx should be cancelled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManifestValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	mValid := core.Manifest{
+		Name:        "auth",
+		Version:     "1.0.0",
+		Description: "Auth plugin",
+	}
+	assert.NoError(t, mValid.Validate())
+
+	mInvalid := core.Manifest{
+		Version: "1.0.0",
+	}
+	assert.Error(t, mInvalid.Validate())
+}
+
+func TestDriverRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Register nil driver returns error
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, ctx.RegisterDriver(nil), core.ErrNilService)
+
+	dHTTP := &mockDriver{driverType: core.DriverTypeHTTP}
+	dWorker := &mockDriver{driverType: core.DriverTypeWorker}
+
+	require.NoError(t, ctx.RegisterDriver(dHTTP))
+	require.NoError(t, ctx.RegisterDriver(dWorker))
+
+	drivers := ctx.Drivers()
+	assert.Len(t, drivers, 2)
+
+	foundHTTP, ok := ctx.Driver(core.DriverTypeHTTP)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, dHTTP, foundHTTP)
+
+	foundWorker, ok := ctx.Driver(core.DriverTypeWorker)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, dWorker, foundWorker)
+
+	_, ok = ctx.Driver(core.DriverTypeScheduler)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPluginInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+	var p core.Plugin = &samplePlugin{name: "sample"}
+	assert.Equal(t, "sample", p.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, p.Apply(ctx))
+
+	svc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Plugin: Ryan", svc.Greet("Ryan"))
+
+	var pwm core.PluginWithManifest = &samplePlugin{name: "sample"}
+	manifest := pwm.Manifest()
+	assert.Equal(t, "sample", manifest.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0", manifest.Version)
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := core.NewContext(context.Background())
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// Concurrently provide, inject, fork, set, and get
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			ctx.Set(fmt.Sprintf("key-%d", idx), idx)
+			_, _ = ctx.Get(fmt.Sprintf("key-%d", idx))
+
+			child := ctx.Fork()
+			child.Set("child_key", idx)
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	core.Provide[SampleService](ctx, &sampleServiceImpl{})
+
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			svc, err := core.Inject[SampleService](ctx)
+			if err == nil {
+				_ = svc.Greet("Concurrency")
+			}
+			_ = core.Using(ctx, func(s SampleService) {
+				_ = s.Greet("Safe")
+			})
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
diff --git a/core/manifest.go b/core/manifest.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f696e8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/manifest.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Manifest defines the metadata and dependency declarations for a plugin.
+type Manifest struct {
+	// Name is the unique identifier for the plugin (e.g. "auth", "user", "order").
+	Name string `json:"name" yaml:"name"`
+
+	// Version is the semantic version string of the plugin (e.g. "1.0.0").
+	Version string `json:"version,omitempty" yaml:"version,omitempty"`
+
+	// Description gives a brief summary of the plugin capabilities.
+	Description string `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty"`
+
+	// Author specifies the author or maintainer of the plugin.
+	Author string `json:"author,omitempty" yaml:"author,omitempty"`
+
+	// Dependencies lists the plugin names that this plugin depends on.
+	Dependencies []string `json:"dependencies,omitempty" yaml:"dependencies,omitempty"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary plugin-specific metadata.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"metadata,omitempty" yaml:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Validate checks whether the manifest satisfies basic integrity requirements.
+func (m Manifest) Validate() error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(m.Name) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrInvalidManifest, ErrInvalidManifestName)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/core/types.go b/core/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2014a39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// Standard sentinel errors returned by core operations.
+var (
+	// ErrServiceNotFound is returned when a requested service is not registered in the IoC container.
+	ErrServiceNotFound = errors.New("core: service not found")
+
+	// ErrServiceNotReady is returned when one or more required services are not ready in Using/UsingN.
+	ErrServiceNotReady = errors.New("core: service not ready")
+
+	// ErrNilContext is returned when a nil Context is passed to an operation requiring a valid Context.
+	ErrNilContext = errors.New("core: context is nil")
+
+	// ErrNilService is returned when attempting to provide a nil service implementation.
+	ErrNilService = errors.New("core: service is nil")
+
+	// ErrInvalidManifest is returned when a plugin manifest fails validation.
+	ErrInvalidManifest = errors.New("core: invalid manifest")
+
+	// ErrInvalidManifestName is returned when a plugin manifest has an empty name.
+	ErrInvalidManifestName = errors.New("core: manifest name is required")
+
+	// ErrDriverNotFound is returned when a requested driver type is not registered.
+	ErrDriverNotFound = errors.New("core: driver not found")
+)
+
+// Plugin is the unified contract for all core and downstream plugins.
+type Plugin interface {
+	// Name returns the globally unique identifier of the plugin (e.g. "auth", "database").
+	Name() string
+	// Apply is the core mounting entrypoint: provides services, registers routes, tasks, and event listeners.
+	Apply(ctx *Context) error
+}
+
+// PluginWithManifest is an optional extension interface for plugins that declare metadata.
+type PluginWithManifest interface {
+	Plugin
+	Manifest() Manifest
+}
+
+// DriverType identifies the category of a runtime driver engine.
+type DriverType string
+
+const (
+	// DriverTypeHTTP represents HTTP web server drivers (e.g. Gin).
+	DriverTypeHTTP DriverType = "http"
+
+	// DriverTypeWorker represents asynchronous background worker drivers (e.g. Asynq worker server).
+	DriverTypeWorker DriverType = "worker"
+
+	// DriverTypeScheduler represents cron and timer schedule drivers (e.g. Asynq scheduler).
+	DriverTypeScheduler DriverType = "schedule"
+)
+
+// Driver is a runtime engine that manages an event loop or listening port.
+type Driver interface {
+	// Type returns the category of this driver engine.
+	Type() DriverType
+	// Start starts the driver lifecycle loop.
+	Start(ctx context.Context) error
+	// Stop gracefully shuts down the driver.
+	Stop(ctx context.Context) error
+}
+
+// Disposer is a cleanup function executed when a Context is disposed.
+type Disposer func() error