diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/hooks/use-server-order.ts b/vite-frontend/src/hooks/use-server-order.ts
index 0ec6a9a..b1be00a 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/hooks/use-server-order.ts
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/hooks/use-server-order.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
   const [items, setItems] = useState<T[]>([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
-  const [error, setError] = useState("");
+  const [loadError, setLoadError] = useState("");
+  const [saveWarning, setSaveWarning] = useState("");
   const mounted = useRef(false);
   const request = useRef(0);
   const savingRef = useRef(false);
@@ -36,11 +37,12 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
 
       if (!mounted.current || version !== request.current) return;
       setItems(rows);
+      setLoadError("");
     } catch {
       if (!mounted.current || version !== request.current) return;
       // Never expose a partial or unverified set as reorderable after failure.
       setItems([]);
-      setError("加载列表失败，请重试后再排序。");
+      setLoadError("加载列表失败，请重试后再排序。");
     } finally {
       if (mounted.current && version === request.current) setLoading(false);
     }
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
     if (from < 0 || to < 0) return;
     savingRef.current = true;
     setSaving(true);
-    setError("");
+    setSaveWarning("");
     try {
       const result = await saveOrder({
         ids: arrayMove(items, from, to).map((item) => item.id),
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
 
       if (!mounted.current) return;
       if (result.code !== 0) {
-        setError(
+        setSaveWarning(
           result.transportError
             ? "排序保存未确认，请检查重新加载后的服务器顺序再重试。"
             : result.code === 409
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
       }
     } catch {
       if (mounted.current)
-        setError("排序保存未确认，请检查重新加载后的服务器顺序再重试。");
+        setSaveWarning("排序保存未确认，请检查重新加载后的服务器顺序再重试。");
     } finally {
       if (mounted.current) {
         await reload();
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ export function useServerOrder<T extends { id: number }>(
     setItems,
     loading,
     saving,
-    error,
+    error: [saveWarning, loadError].filter(Boolean).join(" "),
     reload,
     onDragStart,
     reorder,
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/limit.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/limit.tsx
index c49d797..5e45779 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/limit.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/limit.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   OrderStatus,
 } from "@/components/server-order";
 import { useServerOrder } from "@/hooks/use-server-order";
+import { getOrderDisabledReason } from "@/utils/server-order";
 import { isAdmin } from "@/utils/auth";
 import { AnimatedPage, StaggerList } from "@/components/animated-page";
 import { SearchBar } from "@/components/search-bar";
@@ -216,15 +217,12 @@ export default function LimitPage() {
     }
   };
 
-  const orderReason = !isAdmin()
-    ? "仅管理员可调整全局顺序。"
-    : searchKeyword.length > 0
-      ? "搜索期间无法排序，请清空搜索后重试。"
-      : order.saving
-        ? "正在保存顺序，请稍候。"
-        : loading || submitLoading || deleteLoading
-          ? "正在加载或更新列表，请稍候。"
-          : "";
+  const orderReason = getOrderDisabledReason({
+    isAdmin: isAdmin(),
+    searchKeyword,
+    saving: order.saving,
+    busy: loading || submitLoading || deleteLoading,
+  });
   const orderDisabled = Boolean(orderReason);
 
   return (
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
index 4262c65..aa62139 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { LayoutGrid, List } from "lucide-react";
 
 import { isAdmin } from "@/utils/auth";
 import { useServerOrder } from "@/hooks/use-server-order";
+import { getOrderDisabledReason } from "@/utils/server-order";
 import {
   OrderHandle,
   OrderItem,
@@ -989,15 +990,12 @@ export default function UserPage() {
     return userTunnels.some((ut) => ut.tunnelId === tunnelId);
   };
 
-  const orderReason = !isAdmin()
-    ? "仅管理员可调整全局顺序。"
-    : searchKeyword.length > 0
-      ? "搜索期间无法排序，请清空搜索后重试。"
-      : order.saving
-        ? "正在保存顺序，请稍候。"
-        : loading || userFormLoading || deleteLoading
-          ? "正在加载或更新列表，请稍候。"
-          : "";
+  const orderReason = getOrderDisabledReason({
+    isAdmin: isAdmin(),
+    searchKeyword,
+    saving: order.saving,
+    busy: loading || userFormLoading || deleteLoading,
+  });
   const orderDisabled = Boolean(orderReason);
 
   return (
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/utils/server-order.ts b/vite-frontend/src/utils/server-order.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ccb7ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/utils/server-order.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+interface OrderAvailability {
+  isAdmin: boolean;
+  searchKeyword: string;
+  saving: boolean;
+  busy: boolean;
+}
+
+export function getOrderDisabledReason({
+  isAdmin,
+  searchKeyword,
+  saving,
+  busy,
+}: OrderAvailability): string {
+  if (!isAdmin) return "仅管理员可调整全局顺序。";
+  if (searchKeyword.length > 0) return "搜索期间无法排序，请清空搜索后重试。";
+  if (saving) return "正在保存顺序，请稍候。";
+  if (busy) return "正在加载或更新列表，请稍候。";
+
+  return "";
+}