From f1bdb2e2efe311bb89abfaece9472707f0d749c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: sagitchu <sagitchu@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 19:15:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat(frontend): implement AJAX no-refresh UX improvements
 (#276)

- Add dashboard auto-refresh with 5s polling and visibility-aware pause
- Harden node realtime reconnection with exponential backoff and polling fallback
- Implement local state patching for forward/tunnel/user mutations
- Add batch operation progress feedback UI
- Add shared list-state helpers for replace/remove operations
- Preserve derived UI state during server payload merges

Closes #276

Entire-Checkpoint: 7d6188355d7f
---
 plans/020-ajax-no-refresh-ux.md               | 164 ++++++++++++
 .../src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts | 174 +++++++++----
 vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx           | 237 ++++++++++++++----
 .../src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts        |  10 +
 vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx              |  70 +++++-
 .../src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts       |  27 +-
 vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx            | 198 +++++++++++----
 vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx              | 202 ++++++++++++---
 vite-frontend/src/utils/list-state.ts         |  33 +++
 vite-frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts               |   1 +
 10 files changed, 941 insertions(+), 175 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 plans/020-ajax-no-refresh-ux.md
 create mode 100644 vite-frontend/src/utils/list-state.ts

diff --git a/plans/020-ajax-no-refresh-ux.md b/plans/020-ajax-no-refresh-ux.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a3dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plans/020-ajax-no-refresh-ux.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# 020 AJAX No-refresh UX
+
+## Objective
+
+- Implement issue `#276` as a focused frontend UX improvement initiative, not a full data-layer rewrite.
+- Keep the existing `axios + local React state + custom hooks` architecture, and extend it with polling, realtime hardening, and local state patching where it improves responsiveness.
+- Deliver the work in phases so the highest-value improvements ship first: dashboard auto-refresh and node realtime resilience, then local list updates after mutations, then batch progress and search/filter polish.
+
+## Non-goals
+
+- Do not introduce `@tanstack/react-query`, SWR, or other new frontend data libraries for this issue.
+- Do not rewrite page architecture, routing, or modal flows that already submit asynchronously without browser reloads.
+- Do not require backend changes unless a batch-progress requirement cannot be met with the current API surface.
+- Do not change the raw JWT auth convention used by `vite-frontend/src/api/network.ts`.
+
+## Current State
+
+- `vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts` and `vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx` already provide websocket-driven node status, system info, and upgrade progress updates.
+- `vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx`, `vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx`, `vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx`, and `vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx` already submit forms asynchronously, so the main remaining gap is consistency of post-submit local refresh behavior.
+- `vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts` currently fetches dashboard data only once on mount, so traffic charts and counters do not auto-refresh.
+- Several mutation handlers still rely on page-level reload functions such as `loadData()`, `loadUsers()`, or `loadNodes()` instead of patching only the changed records.
+- Batch progress UI exists for node upgrade but not for other batch actions such as forward and tunnel operations.
+
+## Design Principles
+
+- Prefer local state patching after successful mutations when the changed record set is known.
+- Prefer targeted refetches over full-page refetches when the server is the source of truth for a small dependent dataset.
+- Use polling only where realtime transport does not already exist.
+- Pause or reduce background refresh work when the page is hidden to avoid unnecessary traffic.
+- Keep UI feedback explicit: loading states, toast feedback, and visible progress for long-running batch actions.
+
+## Checklist
+
+- [x] Refactor dashboard data loading into reusable refresh callbacks in `vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts`.
+- [x] Add dashboard traffic polling with visibility-aware pause/resume and safe notification deduplication.
+- [x] Harden node realtime reconnection behavior in `vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts` and define a fallback refresh path if websocket recovery fails.
+- [x] Add shared local-list patch helpers for replace/remove/upsert patterns used by page-level mutation handlers.
+- [x] Convert forward create/edit/delete/service-toggle flows in `vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx` from whole-page refetches to local or targeted updates where safe.
+- [x] Convert tunnel create/edit/delete flows in `vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx` from whole-page refetches to local or targeted updates where safe.
+- [x] Convert user create/edit/delete and user-tunnel permission mutation flows in `vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx` to local or targeted updates where safe.
+- [x] Extend batch action UX to show visible progress or staged feedback for forward and tunnel batch operations.
+- [x] Normalize search/filter behavior and document where client-side instant filtering is appropriate versus where server-side pagination must remain authoritative.
+- [ ] Run focused frontend verification and record the result in this plan after implementation.
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+### Phase 1 - Dashboard auto-refresh and node realtime resilience
+
+#### 1. Dashboard traffic/statistics auto-refresh
+
+- Extract `loadPackageData()` and `loadAnnouncement()` in `vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts` into stable callbacks so the hook can refresh data without re-running the whole mount sequence.
+- Add a 5-second polling loop for package, flow, and chart data returned by `getUserPackageInfo()`.
+- Keep announcement loading low-frequency or first-load only unless the API contract clearly expects live updates.
+- Pause polling when `document.visibilityState !== "visible"`, then trigger an immediate refresh when the tab becomes visible again.
+- Preserve current loading UX for first load, but use a silent refresh path for polling so the page does not flicker.
+
+#### 2. Dashboard notification safety
+
+- Audit `checkExpirationNotifications()` in `vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts` so polling does not repeatedly emit expiration warnings.
+- Continue using notification deduplication, but base it on stable expiration identifiers rather than every poll cycle.
+- Ensure refreshes that only change traffic counters do not retrigger expiry toasts.
+
+#### 3. Node realtime hardening
+
+- Review `vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts` reconnect logic, which currently stops after a fixed retry budget.
+- Replace the hard stop with controlled backoff reconnect behavior, or explicitly trigger a degraded polling fallback once retry exhaustion is reached.
+- If a fallback list refresh is introduced, merge incoming node metadata with existing `systemInfo`, `connectionStatus`, and upgrade-progress state so live metrics are not wiped during recovery.
+- Keep the existing offline debounce behavior in `vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-offline-timers.ts`.
+
+### Phase 2 - Local mutation updates and partial refreshes
+
+#### 4. Shared list-patching helpers
+
+- Add small reusable helpers for common state operations such as:
+  - replace one item by `id`
+  - remove one or many items by `id`
+  - upsert a created or updated item into an ordered list
+  - preserve derived UI-only fields during server payload merges
+- Keep these helpers local to the frontend codebase and avoid introducing a generic state-management abstraction.
+
+#### 5. Forward page partial refresh conversion
+
+- Target `vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx` mutation handlers first because the page already contains some optimistic/local patterns.
+- Preserve the current local behavior for service toggles, but review rollback handling so final UI state matches backend truth after success or failure.
+- Change create/edit/delete flows to patch `forwards` state directly when the response payload is sufficient.
+- Use targeted refetches only when an operation changes dependent datasets that are not reliably derivable from the local page state.
+- Re-check grouped ordering, collapsed-state persistence, and selected-row state after local mutations.
+
+#### 6. Tunnel page partial refresh conversion
+
+- Update `vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx` so create/edit/delete mutate `tunnels` state directly instead of always calling `loadData()`.
+- Keep node reference data refresh separate from tunnel list refresh so a tunnel mutation does not force a full page data reload.
+- Preserve existing drag-sort behavior and ensure local patching keeps `inx` and stored order consistent.
+
+#### 7. User page partial refresh conversion
+
+- Update `vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx` so create/edit/delete patch the `users` list when the current page can be updated safely.
+- Update user-tunnel permission flows to patch `userTunnels` directly after assign, edit, remove, and flow-reset operations.
+- Respect server-side pagination semantics for the user list; if the server response does not provide enough data for a safe local patch, use a targeted page refetch rather than a full multi-dataset refresh.
+- Keep current modal and toast behavior unchanged unless the local update path exposes stale-state issues.
+
+### Phase 3 - Batch progress UX and search/filter polish
+
+#### 8. Batch progress UX
+
+- Use the node upgrade progress model in `vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx` as the UI reference for long-running operations.
+- Review `vite-frontend/src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts` and tunnel batch handlers to determine whether current APIs expose enough intermediate state for real progress.
+- If only final summary APIs are available, implement staged client-side progress feedback such as `processing X/Y`, current action label, success count, and failure count.
+- If the UX requirement cannot be met without backend support, document the missing backend contract and split the work into frontend and backend follow-ups.
+
+#### 9. Search and filter responsiveness
+
+- Preserve instant client-side filtering on pages that already hold the authoritative dataset locally, including node, tunnel, and forward pages.
+- Audit the user page separately because it depends on server-side pagination and keyword search.
+- If user-page instant filtering is desired, choose one of two explicit strategies:
+  - keep server-side pagination authoritative and add debounce for keyword-triggered requests, or
+  - load a larger local dataset only if product requirements accept the cost.
+- Do not silently mix partial client filtering with incomplete paginated datasets.
+
+## Risks and Mitigations
+
+- Repeated dashboard polling may spam expiry toasts.
+  - Mitigation: deduplicate notifications based on expiration identity and only emit on meaningful state changes.
+- Node recovery refreshes may wipe websocket-derived metrics.
+  - Mitigation: merge fetched node metadata into existing live state instead of replacing the whole record blindly.
+- Local mutation patching may desynchronize grouped, sorted, or selected views.
+  - Mitigation: patch canonical source arrays first, then recompute derived memoized groupings from state.
+- Batch APIs may not expose progress details.
+  - Mitigation: implement client-side staged progress where possible and document backend gaps where not.
+- User-page local updates may conflict with pagination semantics.
+  - Mitigation: prefer targeted page refetch over unsafe optimistic filtering or cross-page list mutation.
+
+## Verification Plan
+
+- Dashboard:
+  - Open `dashboard` and confirm traffic counters and chart data refresh at least once every 5 seconds without manual reload.
+  - Confirm hidden-tab pause and visible-tab immediate refresh behavior.
+  - Confirm expiry toasts do not repeat on every polling cycle.
+- Nodes:
+  - Confirm websocket-driven online/offline transitions still work.
+  - Simulate websocket interruption and verify reconnect or fallback refresh behavior.
+  - Confirm recovery does not clear existing live metrics unexpectedly.
+- Forwards, tunnels, users:
+  - Create, edit, delete, enable, disable, and reset flows without browser reload.
+  - Confirm the affected rows update immediately and other unrelated rows stay stable.
+  - Confirm selection state, ordering, and modal close behavior remain correct after local patching.
+- Batch actions:
+  - Confirm visible progress or staged status feedback exists during long-running operations.
+  - Confirm success and failure summaries remain accurate after completion.
+- Build:
+  - Run `cd vite-frontend && npm run build`.
+
+## Rollout Notes
+
+- Ship Phase 1 first because it matches the issue approval priority and provides the clearest user-visible gain.
+- Keep each phase in reviewable commits so regressions in local list patching can be isolated quickly.
+- If backend support becomes necessary for real batch progress, land the frontend scaffolding separately and track the backend dependency explicitly.
+
+## Test Record
+
+- Command: `cd vite-frontend && npm install`
+- Result: passed.
+- Command: `cd vite-frontend && npm run build`
+- Result: passed.
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts b/vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts
index f14d231..052f7fe 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/dashboard/use-dashboard-data.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { ForwardApiItem } from "@/api/types";
 
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import toast from "react-hot-toast";
 
 import {
@@ -52,6 +52,23 @@ export interface DashboardStatisticsFlow {
   time: string;
 }
 
+const DASHBOARD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;
+const EXPIRATION_NOTIFICATION_STORAGE_KEY =
+  "dashboard:last-expiration-notification";
+
+const buildExpirationNotificationKey = (
+  userInfo: DashboardUserInfo,
+  tunnels: DashboardUserTunnel[],
+) => {
+  const userExpTime = userInfo.expTime ?? "permanent";
+  const tunnelExpirationKey = [...tunnels]
+    .map((tunnel) => `${tunnel.tunnelId}:${tunnel.expTime ?? "permanent"}`)
+    .sort()
+    .join("|");
+
+  return `user:${userExpTime};tunnels:${tunnelExpirationKey}`;
+};
+
 interface DashboardDataState {
   loading: boolean;
   userInfo: DashboardUserInfo;
@@ -66,8 +83,10 @@ const checkExpirationNotifications = (
   userInfo: DashboardUserInfo,
   tunnels: DashboardUserTunnel[],
 ) => {
-  const notificationKey = `expiration-${userInfo.expTime}-${tunnels.map((t) => t.expTime).join(",")}`;
-  const lastNotified = localStorage.getItem("lastNotified");
+  const notificationKey = buildExpirationNotificationKey(userInfo, tunnels);
+  const lastNotified = localStorage.getItem(
+    EXPIRATION_NOTIFICATION_STORAGE_KEY,
+  );
 
   if (lastNotified === notificationKey) {
     return;
@@ -148,7 +167,7 @@ const checkExpirationNotifications = (
   });
 
   if (hasNotification) {
-    localStorage.setItem("lastNotified", notificationKey);
+    localStorage.setItem(EXPIRATION_NOTIFICATION_STORAGE_KEY, notificationKey);
   }
 };
 
@@ -188,60 +207,129 @@ export const useDashboardData = (): DashboardDataState => {
   const [announcement, setAnnouncement] = useState<AnnouncementData | null>(
     null,
   );
+  const isMountedRef = useRef(true);
+  const packageRequestInFlightRef = useRef(false);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const loadAnnouncement = async () => {
-      try {
-        const res = await getAnnouncement();
+  const applyPackageData = useCallback((data: {
+    userInfo?: DashboardUserInfo;
+    tunnelPermissions?: DashboardUserTunnel[];
+    forwards?: ForwardApiItem[];
+    statisticsFlows?: DashboardStatisticsFlow[];
+  }) => {
+    const normalizedTunnelPermissions = normalizeTunnelPermissions(
+      data.tunnelPermissions || [],
+    );
+    const normalizedForwards = normalizeForwards(data.forwards || []);
 
-        if (res.code === 0 && res.data && res.data.enabled === 1) {
-          setAnnouncement(res.data);
-        }
-      } catch {}
-    };
+    if (!isMountedRef.current) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setUserInfo(data.userInfo || ({} as DashboardUserInfo));
+    setUserTunnels(normalizedTunnelPermissions);
+    setForwardList(normalizedForwards);
+    setStatisticsFlows(data.statisticsFlows || []);
+
+    checkExpirationNotifications(
+      data.userInfo || ({} as DashboardUserInfo),
+      normalizedTunnelPermissions,
+    );
+  }, []);
+
+  const loadPackageData = useCallback(
+    async ({ silent = false, notifyOnError = false } = {}) => {
+      if (packageRequestInFlightRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      packageRequestInFlightRef.current = true;
+
+      if (!silent && isMountedRef.current) {
+        setLoading(true);
+      }
 
-    const loadPackageData = async () => {
-      setLoading(true);
       try {
         const res = await getUserPackageInfo();
 
         if (res.code === 0) {
-          const data = res.data;
-          const normalizedTunnelPermissions = normalizeTunnelPermissions(
-            data.tunnelPermissions || [],
-          );
-          const normalizedForwards = normalizeForwards(data.forwards || []);
-
-          setUserInfo(data.userInfo || ({} as DashboardUserInfo));
-          setUserTunnels(normalizedTunnelPermissions);
-          setForwardList(normalizedForwards);
-          setStatisticsFlows(data.statisticsFlows || []);
-
-          checkExpirationNotifications(
-            data.userInfo,
-            normalizedTunnelPermissions,
-          );
-        } else {
+          applyPackageData(res.data || {});
+        } else if (notifyOnError) {
           toast.error(res.msg || "获取套餐信息失败");
         }
       } catch {
-        toast.error("获取套餐信息失败");
+        if (notifyOnError) {
+          toast.error("获取套餐信息失败");
+        }
       } finally {
-        setLoading(false);
+        packageRequestInFlightRef.current = false;
+
+        if (!silent && isMountedRef.current) {
+          setLoading(false);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    [applyPackageData],
+  );
+
+  const loadAnnouncement = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const res = await getAnnouncement();
+
+      if (!isMountedRef.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (res.code === 0 && res.data && res.data.enabled === 1) {
+        setAnnouncement(res.data);
+      } else {
+        setAnnouncement(null);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      if (isMountedRef.current) {
+        setAnnouncement(null);
+      }
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    isMountedRef.current = true;
+    setIsAdmin(getAdminFlag());
+
+    void loadPackageData({ notifyOnError: true });
+    void loadAnnouncement();
+    localStorage.setItem("e", "/dashboard");
+
+    return () => {
+      isMountedRef.current = false;
+    };
+  }, [loadAnnouncement, loadPackageData]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (typeof document === "undefined") {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const handleVisibilityChange = () => {
+      if (document.visibilityState === "visible") {
+        void loadPackageData({ silent: true });
       }
     };
 
-    setLoading(true);
-    setUserInfo({} as DashboardUserInfo);
-    setUserTunnels([]);
-    setForwardList([]);
-    setStatisticsFlows([]);
-    setIsAdmin(getAdminFlag());
+    const interval = window.setInterval(() => {
+      if (document.visibilityState !== "visible") {
+        return;
+      }
 
-    loadPackageData();
-    loadAnnouncement();
-    localStorage.setItem("e", "/dashboard");
-  }, []);
+      void loadPackageData({ silent: true });
+    }, DASHBOARD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+
+    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibilityChange);
+
+    return () => {
+      window.clearInterval(interval);
+      document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibilityChange);
+    };
+  }, [loadPackageData]);
 
   return {
     loading,
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx
index f2d3c3f..eb99d8c 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { SpeedLimitApiItem } from "@/api/types";
 
-import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useCallback } from "react";
 import toast from "react-hot-toast";
 import {
   DndContext,
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import { Chip } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/chip";
 import { Spinner } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/spinner";
 import { Switch } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/switch";
 import { Alert } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/alert";
+import { Progress } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/progress";
 import { Checkbox } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/checkbox";
 import {
   createForward,
@@ -166,6 +167,12 @@ interface ForwardTunnelGroup {
   items: Forward[];
 }
 
+interface BatchProgressState {
+  active: boolean;
+  label: string;
+  percent: number;
+}
+
 type ForwardGroupOrderMap = Record<string, string[]>;
 type ForwardGroupCollapsedMap = Record<string, boolean>;
 
@@ -490,6 +497,30 @@ const isSameGroupCollapsedMap = (
   return true;
 };
 
+const normalizeForwardItems = (items: Forward[]): Forward[] => {
+  return items.map((forward) => ({
+    ...forward,
+    serviceRunning: forward.status === 1,
+  }));
+};
+
+const mapForwardApiItems = (items: any[]): Forward[] => {
+  return (items || []).map((forward) => ({
+    ...forward,
+    tunnelId: forward.tunnelId ?? 0,
+    tunnelName: forward.tunnelName || "",
+    inIp: forward.inIp || "",
+    inPort: forward.inPort ?? 0,
+    remoteAddr: forward.remoteAddr || "",
+    strategy: forward.strategy || "fifo",
+    status: typeof forward.status === "number" ? forward.status : 0,
+    inFlow: forward.inFlow ?? 0,
+    outFlow: forward.outFlow ?? 0,
+    createdTime: forward.createdTime || "",
+    serviceRunning: forward.status === 1,
+  }));
+};
+
 export default function ForwardPage() {
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [forwards, setForwards] = useState<Forward[]>([]);
@@ -603,6 +634,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     null,
   );
   const [batchLoading, setBatchLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [batchProgress, setBatchProgress] = useState<BatchProgressState>({
+    active: false,
+    label: "",
+    percent: 0,
+  });
   const [groupOrderMap, setGroupOrderMap] = useState<ForwardGroupOrderMap>({});
   const [collapsedTunnelGroups, setCollapsedTunnelGroups] =
     useState<ForwardGroupCollapsedMap>({});
@@ -959,7 +995,7 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     return Number.isFinite(shareId) && shareId > 0 ? shareId : null;
   };
 
-  const mergeFederationShareFlow = async (
+  const mergeFederationShareFlow = useCallback(async (
     forwardsData: Forward[],
   ): Promise<Forward[]> => {
     if (forwardsData.length === 0) {
@@ -1135,7 +1171,7 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     } catch {
       return forwardsData;
     }
-  };
+  }, []);
 
   const getForwardDisplayFlow = (forward: Forward): number => {
     const directFlow = (forward.inFlow || 0) + (forward.outFlow || 0);
@@ -1147,10 +1183,6 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     return forward.federationShareFlow || 0;
   };
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    loadData();
-  }, []);
-
   // 切换显示模式并保存到localStorage
   const handleViewModeChange = () => {
     const newMode = viewMode === "grouped" ? "direct" : "grouped";
@@ -1161,12 +1193,59 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     } catch {}
   };
 
+  const applyForwardList = useCallback(
+    async (items: Forward[]) => {
+      const mergedForwards = await mergeFederationShareFlow(
+        normalizeForwardItems(items),
+      );
+
+      setForwards(mergedForwards);
+
+      const currentUserId = JwtUtil.getUserIdFromToken();
+      const { order, fromDatabase } = buildForwardOrder(
+        mergedForwards,
+        currentUserId,
+      );
+
+      setForwardOrder(order);
+
+      if (fromDatabase) {
+        saveOrder(FORWARD_ORDER_KEY, order);
+      }
+    },
+    [mergeFederationShareFlow],
+  );
+
+  const refreshForwardList = useCallback(
+    async (lod = true) => {
+      if (lod) {
+        setLoading(true);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const forwardsRes = await getForwardList();
+
+        if (forwardsRes.code === 0) {
+          await applyForwardList(mapForwardApiItems(forwardsRes.data || []));
+        } else {
+          toast.error(forwardsRes.msg || "获取规则列表失败");
+        }
+      } catch {
+        toast.error("获取规则列表失败");
+      } finally {
+        if (lod) {
+          setLoading(false);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    [applyForwardList],
+  );
+
   // 加载所有数据
-  const loadData = async (lod = true) => {
+  const loadData = useCallback(async (lod = true) => {
     setLoading(lod);
     try {
-      const [forwardsRes, tunnelsRes, speedLimitsRes] = await Promise.all([
-        getForwardList(),
+      const [tunnelsRes, speedLimitsRes] = await Promise.all([
         userTunnel(),
         getSpeedLimitList(),
       ]);
@@ -1175,32 +1254,7 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
         getNodeList(),
       ]);
 
-      if (forwardsRes.code === 0) {
-        const forwardsData =
-          forwardsRes.data?.map((forward: any) => ({
-            ...forward,
-            serviceRunning: forward.status === 1,
-          })) || [];
-
-        const mergedForwards = await mergeFederationShareFlow(forwardsData);
-
-        setForwards(mergedForwards);
-
-        // 初始化拖拽排序顺序
-        const currentUserId = JwtUtil.getUserIdFromToken();
-        const { order, fromDatabase } = buildForwardOrder(
-          mergedForwards,
-          currentUserId,
-        );
-
-        setForwardOrder(order);
-
-        if (fromDatabase) {
-          saveOrder(FORWARD_ORDER_KEY, order);
-        }
-      } else {
-        toast.error(forwardsRes.msg || "获取规则列表失败");
-      }
+      await refreshForwardList(false);
 
       if (tunnelsRes.code === 0) {
         setTunnels(tunnelsRes.data || []);
@@ -1226,7 +1280,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
-  };
+  }, [refreshForwardList]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadData();
+  }, [loadData]);
 
   // 表单验证
   const noLimitSpeedLimitIds = useMemo(() => {
@@ -1385,7 +1443,20 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
       if (res.code === 0) {
         toast.success("删除成功");
         setDeleteModalOpen(false);
-        loadData();
+        setForwardToDelete(null);
+        setForwards((prev) => prev.filter((forward) => forward.id !== forwardToDelete.id));
+        setForwardOrder((prev) => {
+          const next = prev.filter((id) => id !== forwardToDelete.id);
+
+          saveOrder(FORWARD_ORDER_KEY, next);
+          return next;
+        });
+        setSelectedIds((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+
+          next.delete(forwardToDelete.id);
+          return next;
+        });
       } else {
         // 删除失败，询问是否强制删除
         const confirmed = window.confirm(
@@ -1398,7 +1469,22 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
           if (forceRes.code === 0) {
             toast.success("强制删除成功");
             setDeleteModalOpen(false);
-            loadData();
+            setForwardToDelete(null);
+            setForwards((prev) =>
+              prev.filter((forward) => forward.id !== forwardToDelete.id),
+            );
+            setForwardOrder((prev) => {
+              const next = prev.filter((id) => id !== forwardToDelete.id);
+
+              saveOrder(FORWARD_ORDER_KEY, next);
+              return next;
+            });
+            setSelectedIds((prev) => {
+              const next = new Set(prev);
+
+              next.delete(forwardToDelete.id);
+              return next;
+            });
           } else {
             toast.error(forceRes.msg || "强制删除失败");
           }
@@ -1496,7 +1582,7 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
         }
         toast.success(isEdit ? "修改成功" : "创建成功");
         setModalOpen(false);
-        loadData();
+        await refreshForwardList(false);
       } else {
         toast.error(res.msg || "操作失败");
       }
@@ -2091,7 +2177,7 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
 
       toast.success("导入执行完成");
 
-      await loadData(false);
+      await refreshForwardList(false);
     } catch {
       toast.error("导入过程中发生错误");
     } finally {
@@ -2296,6 +2382,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
   const handleBatchDelete = async () => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在删除 ${selectedIds.size} 项规则...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const outcome = await executeForwardBatchDelete(Array.from(selectedIds));
 
@@ -2306,14 +2397,20 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
       }
 
       if (outcome.shouldRefresh) {
+        setBatchProgress({
+          active: true,
+          label: outcome.progressLabel || "正在刷新规则列表...",
+          percent: outcome.progressPercent ?? 75,
+        });
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
         if (outcome.closeDeleteModal) {
           setBatchDeleteModalOpen(false);
         }
-        loadData(false);
+        await refreshForwardList(false);
       }
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -2321,6 +2418,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
   const handleBatchToggleService = async (enable: boolean) => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在${enable ? "启用" : "停用"} ${selectedIds.size} 项规则...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const outcome = await executeForwardBatchToggleService(
         Array.from(selectedIds),
@@ -2334,11 +2436,17 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
       }
 
       if (outcome.shouldRefresh) {
+        setBatchProgress({
+          active: true,
+          label: outcome.progressLabel || "正在刷新规则列表...",
+          percent: outcome.progressPercent ?? 75,
+        });
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
-        loadData(false);
+        await refreshForwardList(false);
       }
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -2346,6 +2454,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
   const handleBatchRedeploy = async () => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在重新下发 ${selectedIds.size} 项规则...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const outcome = await executeForwardBatchRedeploy(
         Array.from(selectedIds),
@@ -2358,11 +2471,17 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
       }
 
       if (outcome.shouldRefresh) {
+        setBatchProgress({
+          active: true,
+          label: outcome.progressLabel || "正在刷新规则列表...",
+          percent: outcome.progressPercent ?? 75,
+        });
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
-        loadData(false);
+        await refreshForwardList(false);
       }
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -2370,6 +2489,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
   const handleBatchChangeTunnel = async () => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0 || !batchTargetTunnelId) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在为 ${selectedIds.size} 项规则切换隧道...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const outcome = await executeForwardBatchChangeTunnel(
         Array.from(selectedIds),
@@ -2383,6 +2507,11 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
       }
 
       if (outcome.shouldRefresh) {
+        setBatchProgress({
+          active: true,
+          label: outcome.progressLabel || "正在刷新规则列表...",
+          percent: outcome.progressPercent ?? 75,
+        });
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
         if (outcome.closeChangeTunnelModal) {
@@ -2391,9 +2520,10 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
         if (outcome.resetTargetTunnel) {
           setBatchTargetTunnelId(null);
         }
-        loadData(false);
+        await refreshForwardList(false);
       }
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -3817,6 +3947,23 @@ export default function ForwardPage() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
+      {batchProgress.active && (
+        <div className="mb-4">
+          <Alert
+            color="primary"
+            description={batchProgress.label}
+            variant="flat"
+          />
+          <Progress
+            aria-label={batchProgress.label}
+            className="mt-3"
+            color="primary"
+            size="sm"
+            value={batchProgress.percent}
+          />
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {/* 根据显示模式渲染不同内容 */}
       {compactMode ? (
         viewMode === "grouped" ? (
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts b/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts
index 66af192..fc40bc0 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/forward/batch-actions.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ export interface ForwardBatchActionOutcome {
   toastVariant: "success" | "error";
   toastMessage: string;
   shouldRefresh: boolean;
+  progressPercent?: number;
+  progressLabel?: string;
   closeDeleteModal?: boolean;
   closeChangeTunnelModal?: boolean;
   resetTargetTunnel?: boolean;
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ export const executeForwardBatchDelete = async (
     return {
       ...buildBatchToast(summary, `成功删除 ${summary.successCount} 项`),
       shouldRefresh: true,
+      progressPercent: 100,
+      progressLabel: `删除完成：成功 ${summary.successCount} 项`,
       closeDeleteModal: true,
     };
   } catch (error) {
@@ -103,6 +107,8 @@ export const executeForwardBatchToggleService = async (
           : `成功停用 ${summary.successCount} 项`,
       ),
       shouldRefresh: true,
+      progressPercent: 100,
+      progressLabel: `${enable ? "启用" : "停用"}完成：成功 ${summary.successCount} 项`,
     };
   } catch (error) {
     return {
@@ -132,6 +138,8 @@ export const executeForwardBatchRedeploy = async (
     return {
       ...buildBatchToast(summary, `成功重新下发 ${summary.successCount} 项`),
       shouldRefresh: true,
+      progressPercent: 100,
+      progressLabel: `重新下发完成：成功 ${summary.successCount} 项`,
     };
   } catch (error) {
     return {
@@ -165,6 +173,8 @@ export const executeForwardBatchChangeTunnel = async (
     return {
       ...buildBatchToast(summary, `成功换隧道 ${summary.successCount} 项`),
       shouldRefresh: true,
+      progressPercent: 100,
+      progressLabel: `批量换隧道完成：成功 ${summary.successCount} 项`,
       closeChangeTunnelModal: true,
       resetTargetTunnel: true,
     };
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx
index fc78251..096ab2c 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/node.tsx
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ import { useNodeRealtime } from "@/pages/node/use-node-realtime";
 import { useLocalStorageState } from "@/hooks/use-local-storage-state";
 import { loadStoredOrder, saveOrder } from "@/utils/order-storage";
 
+const NODE_FALLBACK_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
+
 interface Node {
   id: number;
   inx?: number;
@@ -116,6 +118,21 @@ interface NodeForm {
   socks: number; // 0 关 1 开
 }
 
+const mergeNodeRealtimeState = (
+  incomingNode: Node,
+  existingNode?: Node,
+): Node => {
+  return {
+    ...incomingNode,
+    systemInfo: existingNode?.systemInfo ?? incomingNode.systemInfo ?? null,
+    copyLoading: existingNode?.copyLoading ?? incomingNode.copyLoading ?? false,
+    upgradeLoading:
+      existingNode?.upgradeLoading ?? incomingNode.upgradeLoading ?? false,
+    rollbackLoading:
+      existingNode?.rollbackLoading ?? incomingNode.rollbackLoading ?? false,
+  };
+};
+
 const SortableItem = ({
   id,
   children,
@@ -251,8 +268,13 @@ export default function NodePage() {
   });
 
   // 加载节点列表
-  const loadNodes = useCallback(async () => {
-    setLoading(true);
+  const loadNodes = useCallback(async (options?: { silent?: boolean }) => {
+    const silent = options?.silent ?? false;
+
+    if (!silent) {
+      setLoading(true);
+    }
+
     try {
       const res = await getNodeList();
 
@@ -270,7 +292,13 @@ export default function NodePage() {
           copyLoading: false,
         }));
 
-        setNodeList(nodesData);
+        setNodeList((prev) => {
+          const previousById = new Map(prev.map((node) => [node.id, node]));
+
+          return nodesData.map((node) =>
+            mergeNodeRealtimeState(node, previousById.get(node.id)),
+          );
+        });
 
         // 优先使用数据库中的 inx 字段进行排序，否则回退到本地排序
         const hasDbOrdering = nodesData.some(
@@ -292,12 +320,18 @@ export default function NodePage() {
           );
         }
       } else {
-        toast.error(res.msg || "加载节点列表失败");
+        if (!silent) {
+          toast.error(res.msg || "加载节点列表失败");
+        }
       }
     } catch {
-      toast.error("网络错误，请重试");
+      if (!silent) {
+        toast.error("网络错误，请重试");
+      }
     } finally {
-      setLoading(false);
+      if (!silent) {
+        setLoading(false);
+      }
     }
   }, []);
 
@@ -370,7 +404,7 @@ export default function NodePage() {
     }
   };
 
-  const { wsConnected, wsConnecting } = useNodeRealtime({
+  const { wsConnected, wsConnecting, usingPollingFallback } = useNodeRealtime({
     onMessage: handleWebSocketMessage,
   });
 
@@ -378,6 +412,22 @@ export default function NodePage() {
     loadNodes();
   }, [loadNodes]);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!usingPollingFallback) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    void loadNodes({ silent: true });
+
+    const interval = window.setInterval(() => {
+      void loadNodes({ silent: true });
+    }, NODE_FALLBACK_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS);
+
+    return () => {
+      window.clearInterval(interval);
+    };
+  }, [loadNodes, usingPollingFallback]);
+
   // 格式化速度
   const formatSpeed = (bytesPerSecond: number): string => {
     if (bytesPerSecond === 0) return "0 B/s";
@@ -1162,7 +1212,11 @@ export default function NodePage() {
           className="mb-4"
           color="warning"
           description={
-            wsConnecting ? "监控连接中..." : "监控连接已断开，正在重连..."
+            wsConnecting
+              ? "监控连接中..."
+              : usingPollingFallback
+                ? "监控连接已断开，已切换为列表自动刷新兜底模式。"
+                : "监控连接已断开，正在重连..."
           }
           variant="flat"
         />
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts b/vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts
index 5ef1806..10c303d 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/node/use-node-realtime.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ interface UseNodeRealtimeOptions {
   enabled?: boolean;
 }
 
+const MAX_STANDARD_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS = 5;
+const STANDARD_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS = 3000;
+const MAX_STANDARD_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS = 15000;
+const FALLBACK_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS = 30000;
+
 const getRealtimeWsUrl = (): string => {
   const baseUrl =
     axios.defaults.baseURL ||
@@ -34,14 +39,13 @@ export const useNodeRealtime = ({
 }: UseNodeRealtimeOptions) => {
   const [wsConnected, setWsConnected] = useState(false);
   const [wsConnecting, setWsConnecting] = useState(false);
+  const [usingPollingFallback, setUsingPollingFallback] = useState(false);
 
   const websocketRef = useRef<WebSocket | null>(null);
   const reconnectTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
   const reconnectAttemptsRef = useRef(0);
   const onMessageRef = useRef(onMessage);
 
-  const maxReconnectAttempts = 5;
-
   useEffect(() => {
     onMessageRef.current = onMessage;
   }, [onMessage]);
@@ -58,6 +62,7 @@ export const useNodeRealtime = ({
     reconnectAttemptsRef.current = 0;
     setWsConnected(false);
     setWsConnecting(false);
+    setUsingPollingFallback(false);
 
     if (!websocketRef.current) {
       return;
@@ -103,6 +108,7 @@ export const useNodeRealtime = ({
         reconnectAttemptsRef.current = 0;
         setWsConnected(true);
         setWsConnecting(false);
+        setUsingPollingFallback(false);
       };
 
       websocketRef.current.onmessage = (event) => {
@@ -122,15 +128,27 @@ export const useNodeRealtime = ({
         setWsConnected(false);
         setWsConnecting(false);
 
-        if (!enabled || reconnectAttemptsRef.current >= maxReconnectAttempts) {
+        if (!enabled) {
           return;
         }
 
         reconnectAttemptsRef.current += 1;
+        const exhaustedStandardRetries =
+          reconnectAttemptsRef.current >= MAX_STANDARD_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS;
+
+        setUsingPollingFallback(exhaustedStandardRetries);
+
+        const reconnectDelay = exhaustedStandardRetries
+          ? FALLBACK_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS
+          : Math.min(
+              STANDARD_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS * reconnectAttemptsRef.current,
+              MAX_STANDARD_RECONNECT_DELAY_MS,
+            );
+
         reconnectTimerRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
           reconnectTimerRef.current = null;
           connect();
-        }, 3000 * reconnectAttemptsRef.current);
+        }, reconnectDelay);
       };
     } catch {
       setWsConnected(false);
@@ -153,6 +171,7 @@ export const useNodeRealtime = ({
   return {
     wsConnected,
     wsConnecting,
+    usingPollingFallback,
     reconnectRealtime: connect,
     disconnectRealtime: disconnect,
   };
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx
index 0f888a2..cf96635 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/tunnel.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from "react";
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useCallback } from "react";
 import toast from "react-hot-toast";
 import {
   DndContext,
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import { Spinner } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/spinner";
 import { Divider } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/divider";
 import { Alert } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/alert";
 import { Checkbox } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/checkbox";
+import { Progress } from "@/shadcn-bridge/heroui/progress";
 import {
   createTunnel,
   getTunnelList,
@@ -115,6 +116,29 @@ interface TunnelForm {
   status: number;
 }
 
+interface BatchProgressState {
+  active: boolean;
+  label: string;
+  percent: number;
+}
+
+const TUNNEL_ORDER_KEY = "tunnel-order";
+
+const mapTunnelApiItems = (items: any[]): Tunnel[] => {
+  return (items || []).map((tunnel) => ({
+    ...tunnel,
+    inx: tunnel.inx ?? 0,
+    inNodeId: Array.isArray(tunnel.inNodeId) ? tunnel.inNodeId : [],
+    outNodeId: Array.isArray(tunnel.outNodeId) ? tunnel.outNodeId : [],
+    chainNodes: Array.isArray(tunnel.chainNodes) ? tunnel.chainNodes : [],
+    inIp: tunnel.inIp || "",
+    flow: tunnel.flow ?? 1,
+    trafficRatio: tunnel.trafficRatio ?? 1,
+    status: typeof tunnel.status === "number" ? tunnel.status : 0,
+    createdTime: tunnel.createdTime || "",
+  }));
+};
+
 export default function TunnelPage() {
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [tunnels, setTunnels] = useState<Tunnel[]>([]);
@@ -203,6 +227,11 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
   const [selectedIds, setSelectedIds] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
   const [batchDeleteModalOpen, setBatchDeleteModalOpen] = useState(false);
   const [batchLoading, setBatchLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [batchProgress, setBatchProgress] = useState<BatchProgressState>({
+    active: false,
+    label: "",
+    percent: 0,
+  });
 
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => {
@@ -211,60 +240,78 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
     };
   }, []);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    loadData();
+  const applyTunnelList = useCallback((items: Tunnel[]) => {
+    setTunnels(items);
+
+    const hasDbOrdering = items.some(
+      (tunnel) => tunnel.inx !== undefined && tunnel.inx !== 0,
+    );
+
+    if (hasDbOrdering) {
+      const dbOrder = [...items]
+        .sort((a, b) => (a.inx ?? 0) - (b.inx ?? 0))
+        .map((tunnel) => tunnel.id);
+
+      setTunnelOrder(dbOrder);
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setTunnelOrder(
+      loadStoredOrder(
+        TUNNEL_ORDER_KEY,
+        items.map((tunnel) => tunnel.id),
+      ),
+    );
   }, []);
 
-  // 加载所有数据
-  const loadData = async () => {
-    setLoading(true);
+  const refreshTunnelList = useCallback(async (withLoading = true) => {
+    if (withLoading) {
+      setLoading(true);
+    }
+
     try {
-      const [tunnelsRes, nodesRes] = await Promise.all([
-        getTunnelList(),
-        getNodeList(),
-      ]);
+      const tunnelsRes = await getTunnelList();
 
       if (tunnelsRes.code === 0) {
-        const tunnelsData: Tunnel[] = (tunnelsRes.data || []).map((t: any) => ({
-          ...t,
-          inx: t.inx ?? 0,
-        }));
-
-        setTunnels(tunnelsData);
-
-        // 优先使用数据库中的 inx 字段进行排序，否则回退到本地排序
-        const hasDbOrdering = tunnelsData.some(
-          (t) => t.inx !== undefined && t.inx !== 0,
-        );
-
-        if (hasDbOrdering) {
-          const dbOrder = [...tunnelsData]
-            .sort((a, b) => (a.inx ?? 0) - (b.inx ?? 0))
-            .map((t) => t.id);
-
-          setTunnelOrder(dbOrder);
-        } else {
-          setTunnelOrder(
-            loadStoredOrder(
-              "tunnel-order",
-              tunnelsData.map((t) => t.id),
-            ),
-          );
-        }
+        applyTunnelList(mapTunnelApiItems(tunnelsRes.data || []));
       } else {
         toast.error(tunnelsRes.msg || "获取隧道列表失败");
       }
+    } catch {
+      toast.error("获取隧道列表失败");
+    } finally {
+      if (withLoading) {
+        setLoading(false);
+      }
+    }
+  }, [applyTunnelList]);
+
+  const refreshNodes = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const nodesRes = await getNodeList();
 
       if (nodesRes.code === 0) {
         setNodes(nodesRes.data || []);
-      } else {
       }
+    } catch {}
+  }, []);
+
+  // 加载所有数据
+  const loadData = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      await Promise.all([refreshTunnelList(false), refreshNodes()]);
     } catch {
       toast.error("加载数据失败");
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
-  };
+  }, [refreshNodes, refreshTunnelList]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    loadData();
+  }, [loadData]);
 
   // 表单验证
   const validateForm = (): boolean => {
@@ -327,7 +374,21 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
         toast.success("删除成功");
         setDeleteModalOpen(false);
         setTunnelToDelete(null);
-        loadData();
+        setTunnels((prev) =>
+          prev.filter((tunnel) => tunnel.id !== tunnelToDelete.id),
+        );
+        setTunnelOrder((prev) => {
+          const next = prev.filter((id) => id !== tunnelToDelete.id);
+
+          saveOrder(TUNNEL_ORDER_KEY, next);
+          return next;
+        });
+        setSelectedIds((prev) => {
+          const next = new Set(prev);
+
+          next.delete(tunnelToDelete.id);
+          return next;
+        });
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "删除失败");
       }
@@ -500,7 +561,7 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success(isEdit ? "更新成功" : "创建成功");
         setModalOpen(false);
-        loadData();
+        await refreshTunnelList(false);
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || (isEdit ? "更新失败" : "创建失败"));
       }
@@ -725,7 +786,7 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
 
     setTunnelOrder(newOrder);
 
-    saveOrder("tunnel-order", newOrder);
+    saveOrder(TUNNEL_ORDER_KEY, newOrder);
 
     // 持久化到数据库
     try {
@@ -779,6 +840,11 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
   const handleBatchDelete = async () => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在删除 ${selectedIds.size} 条隧道...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const res = await batchDeleteTunnels(Array.from(selectedIds));
 
@@ -787,21 +853,39 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
 
         if (result.failCount === 0) {
           toast.success(`成功删除 ${result.successCount} 项`);
+          setBatchProgress({
+            active: true,
+            label: `删除完成：成功 ${result.successCount} 项`,
+            percent: 100,
+          });
+          setTunnels((prev) => prev.filter((tunnel) => !selectedIds.has(tunnel.id)));
+          setTunnelOrder((prev) => {
+            const next = prev.filter((id) => !selectedIds.has(id));
+
+            saveOrder(TUNNEL_ORDER_KEY, next);
+            return next;
+          });
         } else {
           toast.error(
             `成功 ${result.successCount} 项，失败 ${result.failCount} 项`,
           );
+          setBatchProgress({
+            active: true,
+            label: `部分完成：成功 ${result.successCount} 项，正在刷新列表...`,
+            percent: 75,
+          });
+          await refreshTunnelList(false);
         }
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
         setBatchDeleteModalOpen(false);
-        loadData();
       } else {
         toast.error(res.msg || "删除失败");
       }
     } catch (error) {
       toast.error(extractApiErrorMessage(error, "删除失败"));
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -809,6 +893,11 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
   const handleBatchRedeploy = async () => {
     if (selectedIds.size === 0) return;
     setBatchLoading(true);
+    setBatchProgress({
+      active: true,
+      label: `正在重新下发 ${selectedIds.size} 条隧道...`,
+      percent: 30,
+    });
     try {
       const res = await batchRedeployTunnels(Array.from(selectedIds));
 
@@ -824,13 +913,19 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
         }
         setSelectedIds(new Set());
         setSelectMode(false);
-        loadData();
+        setBatchProgress({
+          active: true,
+          label: `重新下发完成：成功 ${result.successCount} 项，正在刷新列表...`,
+          percent: 100,
+        });
+        await refreshTunnelList(false);
       } else {
         toast.error(res.msg || "下发失败");
       }
     } catch (error) {
       toast.error(extractApiErrorMessage(error, "下发失败"));
     } finally {
+      setBatchProgress({ active: false, label: "", percent: 0 });
       setBatchLoading(false);
     }
   };
@@ -1038,6 +1133,23 @@ export default function TunnelPage() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
+      {batchProgress.active && (
+        <div className="mb-4">
+          <Alert
+            color="primary"
+            description={batchProgress.label}
+            variant="flat"
+          />
+          <Progress
+            aria-label={batchProgress.label}
+            className="mt-3"
+            color="primary"
+            size="sm"
+            value={batchProgress.percent}
+          />
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {/* 隧道卡片网格 */}
       {tunnels.length > 0 ? (
         <DndContext sensors={sensors} onDragEnd={handleDragEnd}>
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx b/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
index 2850177..ec6bd69 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/pages/user.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useState, useEffect, useMemo } from "react";
+import { useState, useEffect, useMemo, useCallback, useRef } from "react";
 import toast from "react-hot-toast";
 import { parseDate } from "@internationalized/date";
 
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/icons";
 import { PageLoadingState } from "@/components/page-state";
 import { useLocalStorageState } from "@/hooks/use-local-storage-state";
+import {
+  removeItemsById,
+  replaceItemById,
+} from "@/utils/list-state";
 
 // 工具函数
 const formatFlow = (value: number, unit: string = "bytes"): string => {
@@ -122,6 +126,43 @@ const calculateTunnelUsedFlow = (tunnel: UserTunnel): number => {
   return inFlow + outFlow;
 };
 
+const USER_SEARCH_DEBOUNCE_MS = 250;
+
+const normalizeUserItem = (item: Partial<User>): User => {
+  return {
+    id: Number(item.id ?? 0),
+    name: item.name,
+    user: String(item.user ?? ""),
+    status: Number(item.status ?? 0),
+    flow: Number(item.flow ?? 0),
+    num: Number(item.num ?? 0),
+    expTime: item.expTime,
+    flowResetTime: item.flowResetTime ?? 0,
+    createdTime: item.createdTime,
+    inFlow: Number(item.inFlow ?? 0),
+    outFlow: Number(item.outFlow ?? 0),
+  };
+};
+
+const normalizeUserTunnelItem = (item: Partial<UserTunnel>): UserTunnel => {
+  return {
+    id: Number(item.id ?? 0),
+    userId: Number(item.userId ?? 0),
+    tunnelId: Number(item.tunnelId ?? 0),
+    tunnelName: String(item.tunnelName ?? ""),
+    status: Number(item.status ?? 0),
+    flow: Number(item.flow ?? 0),
+    num: Number(item.num ?? 0),
+    expTime: Number(item.expTime ?? 0),
+    flowResetTime: Number(item.flowResetTime ?? 0),
+    speedId: item.speedId ?? null,
+    speedLimitName: item.speedLimitName,
+    inFlow: Number(item.inFlow ?? 0),
+    outFlow: Number(item.outFlow ?? 0),
+    tunnelFlow: item.tunnelFlow,
+  };
+};
+
 export default function UserPage() {
   // 状态管理
   const [users, setUsers] = useState<User[]>([]);
@@ -136,6 +177,7 @@ export default function UserPage() {
     size: 10,
     total: 0,
   });
+  const searchDebounceRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
 
   // 用户表单相关状态
   const {
@@ -259,26 +301,25 @@ export default function UserPage() {
     return !speedLimitIds.has(speedId);
   };
 
-  // 生命周期
-  useEffect(() => {
-    loadUsers();
-    loadTunnels();
-    loadSpeedLimits();
-    loadUserGroups();
-  }, [pagination.current, pagination.size, searchKeyword]);
-
   // 数据加载函数
-  const loadUsers = async () => {
+  const loadUsers = useCallback(
+    async (keywordOverride?: string) => {
     setLoading(true);
     try {
+      const keyword = keywordOverride ?? searchKeyword;
       const response = await getAllUsers({
         current: pagination.current,
         size: pagination.size,
-        keyword: searchKeyword,
+        keyword,
       });
 
       if (response.code === 0) {
-        setUsers(Array.isArray(response.data) ? response.data : []);
+        const nextUsers = Array.isArray(response.data)
+          ? response.data.map((item) => normalizeUserItem(item))
+          : [];
+
+        setUsers(nextUsers);
+        setPagination((prev) => ({ ...prev, total: nextUsers.length }));
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "获取用户列表失败");
       }
@@ -287,9 +328,11 @@ export default function UserPage() {
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
-  };
+    },
+    [pagination.current, pagination.size],
+  );
 
-  const loadTunnels = async () => {
+  const loadTunnels = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
       const response = await getTunnelList();
 
@@ -297,9 +340,9 @@ export default function UserPage() {
         setTunnels(Array.isArray(response.data) ? response.data : []);
       }
     } catch {}
-  };
+  }, []);
 
-  const loadSpeedLimits = async () => {
+  const loadSpeedLimits = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
       const response = await getSpeedLimitList();
 
@@ -315,9 +358,9 @@ export default function UserPage() {
         setSpeedLimits(speedLimitList);
       }
     } catch {}
-  };
+  }, []);
 
-  const loadUserGroups = async () => {
+  const loadUserGroups = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
       const response = await getUserGroupList();
 
@@ -325,15 +368,19 @@ export default function UserPage() {
         setUserGroups(Array.isArray(response.data) ? response.data : []);
       }
     } catch {}
-  };
+  }, []);
 
-  const loadUserTunnels = async (userId: number) => {
+  const loadUserTunnels = useCallback(async (userId: number) => {
     setTunnelListLoading(true);
     try {
       const response = await getUserTunnelList({ userId });
 
       if (response.code === 0) {
-        setUserTunnels(Array.isArray(response.data) ? response.data : []);
+        setUserTunnels(
+          Array.isArray(response.data)
+            ? response.data.map((item) => normalizeUserTunnelItem(item))
+            : [],
+        );
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "获取隧道权限列表失败");
       }
@@ -342,12 +389,52 @@ export default function UserPage() {
     } finally {
       setTunnelListLoading(false);
     }
-  };
+  }, []);
+
+  // 生命周期
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void loadTunnels();
+    void loadSpeedLimits();
+    void loadUserGroups();
+  }, [loadSpeedLimits, loadTunnels, loadUserGroups]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void loadUsers();
+  }, [loadUsers]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (searchDebounceRef.current) {
+      clearTimeout(searchDebounceRef.current);
+    }
+
+    searchDebounceRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+      setPagination((prev) => {
+        if (prev.current === 1) {
+          void loadUsers(searchKeyword);
+          return prev;
+        }
+
+        return { ...prev, current: 1 };
+      });
+    }, USER_SEARCH_DEBOUNCE_MS);
+
+    return () => {
+      if (searchDebounceRef.current) {
+        clearTimeout(searchDebounceRef.current);
+        searchDebounceRef.current = null;
+      }
+    };
+  }, [loadUsers, searchKeyword]);
 
   // 用户管理操作
   const handleSearch = () => {
+    if (searchDebounceRef.current) {
+      clearTimeout(searchDebounceRef.current);
+      searchDebounceRef.current = null;
+    }
+
     setPagination((prev) => ({ ...prev, current: 1 }));
-    loadUsers();
+    void loadUsers(searchKeyword);
   };
 
   const handleAdd = () => {
@@ -405,9 +492,17 @@ export default function UserPage() {
 
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success("删除成功");
-        loadUsers();
         onDeleteModalClose();
+        setUsers((prev) => removeItemsById(prev, [userToDelete.id]));
+        setPagination((prev) => ({
+          ...prev,
+          total: Math.max(prev.total - 1, 0),
+        }));
         setUserToDelete(null);
+        if (currentUser?.id === userToDelete.id) {
+          setCurrentUser(null);
+          setUserTunnels([]);
+        }
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "删除失败");
       }
@@ -442,7 +537,26 @@ export default function UserPage() {
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success(isEdit ? "更新成功" : "创建成功");
         onUserModalClose();
-        loadUsers();
+        const responseUser = normalizeUserItem((response as any).data || {});
+
+        if (
+          isEdit &&
+          responseUser.id > 0 &&
+          pagination.current === 1 &&
+          !searchKeyword.trim()
+        ) {
+          setUsers((prev) => replaceItemById(prev, responseUser));
+        } else if (
+          !isEdit &&
+          responseUser.id > 0 &&
+          pagination.current === 1 &&
+          !searchKeyword.trim()
+        ) {
+          setUsers((prev) => [responseUser, ...prev].slice(0, pagination.size));
+          setPagination((prev) => ({ ...prev, total: prev.total + 1 }));
+        } else {
+          await loadUsers();
+        }
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || (isEdit ? "更新失败" : "创建失败"));
       }
@@ -500,7 +614,7 @@ export default function UserPage() {
         }
         toast.success(response.msg || "分配成功");
         setBatchTunnelSelections(new Map());
-        loadUserTunnels(currentUser.id);
+        await loadUserTunnels(currentUser.id);
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "分配失败");
       }
@@ -546,7 +660,19 @@ export default function UserPage() {
         toast.success("更新成功");
         onEditTunnelModalClose();
         if (currentUser) {
-          loadUserTunnels(currentUser.id);
+          const nextTunnel = normalizeUserTunnelItem({
+            ...editTunnelForm,
+            speedId: normalizeSpeedId(editTunnelForm.speedId),
+            speedLimitName:
+              normalizeSpeedId(editTunnelForm.speedId) !== null
+                ? speedLimits.find(
+                    (speedLimit) =>
+                      speedLimit.id === normalizeSpeedId(editTunnelForm.speedId),
+                  )?.name
+                : undefined,
+          });
+
+          setUserTunnels((prev) => replaceItemById(prev, nextTunnel));
         }
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "更新失败");
@@ -572,7 +698,7 @@ export default function UserPage() {
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success("删除成功");
         if (currentUser) {
-          loadUserTunnels(currentUser.id);
+          setUserTunnels((prev) => removeItemsById(prev, [tunnelToDelete.id]));
         }
         onDeleteTunnelModalClose();
         setTunnelToDelete(null);
@@ -603,8 +729,14 @@ export default function UserPage() {
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success("流量重置成功");
         onResetFlowModalClose();
+        const targetUserId = userToReset.id;
+
+        setUsers((prev) =>
+          prev.map((user) =>
+            user.id === targetUserId ? { ...user, inFlow: 0, outFlow: 0 } : user,
+          ),
+        );
         setUserToReset(null);
-        loadUsers(); // 重新加载用户列表
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "重置失败");
       }
@@ -634,10 +766,16 @@ export default function UserPage() {
       if (response.code === 0) {
         toast.success("隧道流量重置成功");
         onResetTunnelFlowModalClose();
+        const targetTunnelId = tunnelToReset.id;
+
+        setUserTunnels((prev) =>
+          prev.map((userTunnel) =>
+            userTunnel.id === targetTunnelId
+              ? { ...userTunnel, inFlow: 0, outFlow: 0 }
+              : userTunnel,
+          ),
+        );
         setTunnelToReset(null);
-        if (currentUser) {
-          loadUserTunnels(currentUser.id); // 重新加载隧道权限列表
-        }
       } else {
         toast.error(response.msg || "重置失败");
       }
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/utils/list-state.ts b/vite-frontend/src/utils/list-state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..576d340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/utils/list-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+export const removeItemsById = <T extends { id: number }>(
+  items: T[],
+  ids: Iterable<number>,
+): T[] => {
+  const idSet = new Set(ids);
+
+  return items.filter((item) => !idSet.has(item.id));
+};
+
+export const replaceItemById = <T extends { id: number }>(
+  items: T[],
+  nextItem: T,
+): T[] => {
+  return items.map((item) => (item.id === nextItem.id ? nextItem : item));
+};
+
+export const upsertItemById = <T extends { id: number }>(
+  items: T[],
+  nextItem: T,
+  options?: { prepend?: boolean },
+): T[] => {
+  const existingIndex = items.findIndex((item) => item.id === nextItem.id);
+
+  if (existingIndex >= 0) {
+    return replaceItemById(items, nextItem);
+  }
+
+  if (options?.prepend) {
+    return [nextItem, ...items];
+  }
+
+  return [...items, nextItem];
+};
diff --git a/vite-frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts b/vite-frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts
index 6a25d84..a61183a 100644
--- a/vite-frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts
+++ b/vite-frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 /// <reference types="vite-plugin-pwa/client" />
 
 interface ImportMetaEnv {
+  readonly VITE_API_BASE?: string;
   readonly VITE_APP_VERSION?: string;
   readonly VITE_GITHUB_REPO?: string;
 }