test: add Playwright e2e test suite for frontend and API

tests/e2e/.gitignore

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+# Python
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+*.so
+.Python
+.venv/
+venv/
+ENV/
+
+# Testing
+.pytest_cache/
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+
+# IDE
+.idea/
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# Playwright
+playwright/.local-browsers/
+test-results/
+playwright-report/
+blob-report/
+
+# Server info file (generated during test runs)
+.server_info.json
+
+# Misc
+*.log
+.DS_Store

tests/e2e/README.md

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+# FLVX E2E Tests
+
+End-to-end testing suite for FLVX Panel using Playwright and pytest.
+
+## Structure
+
+```
+tests/e2e/
+├── conftest.py          # Pytest configuration and fixtures
+├── pyproject.toml       # Python project configuration
+├── with_server.py       # Server lifecycle manager
+├── pages/               # Page Object Models
+│   └── __init__.py
+├── fixtures/            # Test fixtures and helpers
+│   └── __init__.py
+├── utils/               # Utility modules
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   └── api_client.py    # Backend API client
+├── test_auth.py         # Authentication tests
+├── test_api.py          # API endpoint tests
+├── test_dashboard.py    # Dashboard UI tests
+└── test_user_ui.py      # User management UI tests
+```
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Python 3.11+
+- Go 1.24+ (for backend)
+- Node.js 18+ (for frontend)
+
+## Setup
+
+```bash
+# Create virtual environment
+cd tests/e2e
+python -m venv .venv
+source .venv/bin/activate  # or .venv\Scripts\activate on Windows
+
+# Install dependencies
+pip install -e ".[dev]"
+
+# Install Playwright browsers
+playwright install chromium
+```
+
+## Running Tests
+
+### Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests (starts servers automatically)
+python with_server.py -- pytest -v
+
+# Run specific test file
+python with_server.py -- pytest test_auth.py -v
+
+# Run with markers
+python with_server.py -- pytest -m "auth" -v
+python with_server.py -- pytest -m "api" -v
+python with_server.py -- pytest -m "e2e" -v
+```
+
+### Manual Server Management
+
+If servers are already running:
+
+```bash
+# Set environment variables
+export E2E_BACKEND_PORT=6365
+export E2E_FRONTEND_PORT=3000
+
+# Run tests directly
+pytest -v
+```
+
+### Custom Server Configuration
+
+```bash
+# Custom ports
+python with_server.py --backend-port 8080 --frontend-port 5173 -- pytest -v
+
+# Custom server commands
+python with_server.py \
+  --server "make run" --port 6365 --cwd go-backend \
+  --server "npm run dev" --port 3000 --cwd vite-frontend \
+  -- pytest -v
+```
+
+## Test Markers
+
+| Marker    | Description                              |
+|-----------|------------------------------------------|
+| `@e2e`    | Full end-to-end test with browser        |
+| `@api`    | API-only test, no browser required       |
+| `@auth`   | Test requires authentication             |
+| `@slow`   | Slow running test (>5s)                  |
+
+## Writing Tests
+
+### API Tests
+
+```python
+import pytest
+from utils.api_client import APIClient
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestMyAPI:
+    def test_something(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/some/endpoint")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+```
+
+### Browser Tests
+
+```python
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page
+from pages import LoginPage
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+class TestMyFeature:
+    def test_something(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        # ...
+```
+
+## Page Objects
+
+Located in `pages/__init__.py`:
+- `LoginPage` - Login form handling
+- `DashboardPage` - Dashboard interactions
+- `UserPage` - User management
+- `NodePage` - Node management
+- `TunnelPage` - Tunnel management
+- `ForwardPage` - Forward management
+- `ConfigPage` - Configuration
+
+## Fixtures
+
+Key fixtures in `conftest.py`:
+- `server_info` - Server configuration
+- `backend_url` / `frontend_url` - Base URLs
+- `page` - Fresh browser page
+- `authenticated_page` - Page with logged-in session
+- `api_client` - API client instance
+- `authenticated_api` - Authenticated API client
+- `auth_token` - JWT token string
+
+## Debugging
+
+```bash
+# Run with visible browser
+pytest -v --headed
+
+# Run specific test with debug output
+pytest test_auth.py::TestAuthentication::test_login_with_valid_credentials -v -s
+
+# Generate HTML report
+pytest -v --html=report.html --self-contained-html
+```
+
+## CI Integration
+
+```yaml
+# Example GitHub Actions
+- name: Run E2E tests
+  run: |
+    cd tests/e2e
+    pip install -e ".[dev]"
+    playwright install chromium
+    python with_server.py -- pytest -v --junit-xml=test-results.xml
+```

tests/e2e/__init__.py

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+# E2E Tests Package
+"""
+FLVX End-to-End Testing Suite
+"""
+
+__version__ = "0.1.0"

tests/e2e/conftest.py

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+"""
+Pytest configuration and fixtures for FLVX E2E tests.
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import socket
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generator, Optional
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import APIRequestContext, BrowserContext, Page, Playwright
+
+from utils.api_client import APIClient, TestUser
+
+DEFAULT_BACKEND_PORT = 6365
+DEFAULT_FRONTEND_PORT = 3000
+DEFAULT_JWT_SECRET = "test-secret-e2e-key-do-not-use-in-production"
+DEFAULT_ADMIN_USER = "admin_user"
+DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD = "admin_user"
+
+
+def get_server_info() -> dict:
+    """Get server info from environment or .server_info.json."""
+    info_file = Path(__file__).parent / ".server_info.json"
+    if info_file.exists():
+        with open(info_file) as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+    return {
+        "backend_port": int(os.getenv("E2E_BACKEND_PORT", DEFAULT_BACKEND_PORT)),
+        "frontend_port": int(os.getenv("E2E_FRONTEND_PORT", DEFAULT_FRONTEND_PORT)),
+        "jwt_secret": os.getenv("E2E_JWT_SECRET", DEFAULT_JWT_SECRET),
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def server_info() -> dict:
+    """Server configuration info."""
+    return get_server_info()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def backend_url(server_info: dict) -> str:
+    """Backend API base URL."""
+    return f"http://localhost:{server_info['backend_port']}"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def frontend_url(server_info: dict) -> str:
+    """Frontend base URL."""
+    return f"http://localhost:{server_info['frontend_port']}"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def api_base_url(backend_url: str) -> str:
+    """API base URL for APIRequestContext."""
+    return f"{backend_url}/api/v1"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def browser_type_launch_args():
+    """Browser launch arguments."""
+    return {
+        "headless": True,
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def browser_context_args():
+    """Browser context arguments."""
+    return {
+        "viewport": {"width": 1280, "height": 720},
+        "locale": "zh-CN",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def page(context: BrowserContext) -> Generator[Page, None, None]:
+    """Create a new page with standard settings."""
+    p = context.new_page()
+    p.set_default_timeout(10000)
+    yield p
+    p.close()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def api_client(backend_url: str) -> APIClient:
+    """Create API client instance."""
+    return APIClient(backend_url)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def authenticated_api(api_client: APIClient) -> APIClient:
+    """Create authenticated API client."""
+    api_client.login(*TestUser.DEFAULT_ADMIN)
+    return api_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_user(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[TestUser, None, None]:
+    """Create a test user for the test."""
+    user = TestUser.create_test_user(authenticated_api)
+    yield user
+    user.cleanup()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_users(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test users after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_user(username: str, password: str = "test123", **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_user(username, password, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            user_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if user_id:
+                created_ids.append(user_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_user
+
+    for user_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_user(user_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_nodes(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test nodes after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_node(name: str, address: str = "127.0.0.1", **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_node(name, address, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            node_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if node_id:
+                created_ids.append(node_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_node
+
+    for node_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_node(node_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def api_context(playwright: Playwright, api_base_url: str) -> Generator[APIRequestContext, None, None]:
+    """API request context for testing backend directly."""
+    context = playwright.request.new_context(base_url=api_base_url)
+    yield context
+    context.dispose()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def auth_token(api_context: APIRequestContext) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Get authentication token for API calls."""
+    response = api_context.post(
+        "/user/login",
+        data={"username": DEFAULT_ADMIN_USER, "password": DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD},
+    )
+    data = response.json()
+    if data.get("code") == 0:
+        return data.get("data", {}).get("token")
+    return None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fresh_db_path(tmp_path: Path) -> str:
+    """Path for a fresh test database."""
+    return str(tmp_path / "test.db")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_if_no_server(server_info: dict):
+    """Skip tests if server is not available."""
+    backend_port = server_info["backend_port"]
+    frontend_port = server_info["frontend_port"]
+
+    for port, name in [(backend_port, "backend"), (frontend_port, "frontend")]:
+        try:
+            with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+                s.settimeout(1)
+                s.connect(("localhost", port))
+        except OSError:
+            pytest.skip(f"{name} server not available on port {port}")
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config):
+    """Configure pytest markers."""
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "e2e: End-to-end test requiring running servers")
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "auth: Test requires authentication")
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "slow: Slow running test")
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", "api: API-only test (no browser needed)")

tests/e2e/example_test.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Example E2E test script demonstrating Playwright usage.
+Run: python with_server.py -- python example_test.py
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
+
+from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
+
+
+def test_login_flow():
+    """Test basic login flow."""
+    import os
+
+    frontend_port = os.getenv("E2E_FRONTEND_PORT", "3000")
+    backend_port = os.getenv("E2E_BACKEND_PORT", "6365")
+
+    print(f"Testing frontend at http://localhost:{frontend_port}")
+    print(f"Backend API at http://localhost:{backend_port}")
+
+    with sync_playwright() as p:
+        browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
+        page = browser.new_page()
+        page.set_default_timeout(10000)
+
+        try:
+            page.goto(f"http://localhost:{frontend_port}/")
+            page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+            print("Login page loaded")
+
+            username_input = page.locator('input[placeholder="请输入用户名"]')
+            password_input = page.locator('input[placeholder="请输入密码"]')
+            login_button = page.locator('button:has-text("登录")')
+
+            assert username_input.count() > 0, "Username input not found"
+            assert password_input.count() > 0, "Password input not found"
+            assert login_button.count() > 0, "Login button not found"
+
+            print("Login form elements found")
+
+            username_input.fill("admin_user")
+            password_input.fill("admin_user")
+            login_button.click()
+
+            page.wait_for_url("**/dashboard**", timeout=5000)
+            print("Login successful, redirected to dashboard")
+
+            assert "/dashboard" in page.url, f"Expected dashboard URL, got {page.url}"
+            print("Test passed!")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            page.screenshot(path="/tmp/test_failure.png")
+            print(f"Test failed: {e}")
+            raise
+        finally:
+            browser.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_login_flow()

tests/e2e/fixtures/__init__.py

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+"""
+Test fixtures for E2E tests.
+Reusable test data and setup helpers.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generator
+
+import pytest
+
+from utils.api_client import APIClient, TestUser
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def api_client(backend_url: str) -> APIClient:
+    """Create API client instance."""
+    return APIClient(backend_url)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def authenticated_api(api_client: APIClient) -> APIClient:
+    """Create authenticated API client."""
+    api_client.login(*TestUser.DEFAULT_ADMIN)
+    return api_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_user(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[TestUser, None, None]:
+    """Create a test user for the test."""
+    user = TestUser.create_test_user(authenticated_api)
+    yield user
+    user.cleanup()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_users(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test users after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_user(username: str, password: str = "test123", **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_user(username, password, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            user_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if user_id:
+                created_ids.append(user_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_user
+
+    for user_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_user(user_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_nodes(authenticated_api: APIClient) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test nodes after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_node(name: str, address: str = "127.0.0.1", **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_node(name, address, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            node_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if node_id:
+                created_ids.append(node_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_node
+
+    for node_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_node(node_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_tunnels(
+    authenticated_api: APIClient, clean_nodes: Callable[..., dict]
+) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test tunnels after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_tunnel(name: str, node_id: int, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_tunnel(name, node_id, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            tunnel_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if tunnel_id:
+                created_ids.append(tunnel_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_tunnel
+
+    for tunnel_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_tunnel(tunnel_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def clean_forwards(
+    authenticated_api: APIClient,
+    clean_tunnels: Callable[..., dict],
+    clean_nodes: Callable[..., dict],
+) -> Generator[Callable[..., dict], None, None]:
+    """Clean up test forwards after test."""
+    created_ids: list[int] = []
+
+    def _create_forward(name: str, tunnel_id: int, remote_addr: str, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
+        response = authenticated_api.create_forward(name, tunnel_id, remote_addr, **kwargs)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            forward_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+            if forward_id:
+                created_ids.append(forward_id)
+        return response
+
+    yield _create_forward
+
+    for forward_id in created_ids:
+        try:
+            authenticated_api.delete_forward(forward_id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass

tests/e2e/pages/__init__.py

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+"""
+Page Object Models for FLVX E2E tests.
+"""
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, Locator, expect
+
+
+class BasePage:
+    """Base page object with common functionality."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        self.page = page
+        self.base_url = base_url
+
+    def navigate(self, path: str = ""):
+        """Navigate to a specific path."""
+        url = f"{self.base_url}{path}"
+        self.page.goto(url)
+        self.page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+    def wait_for_url(self, pattern: str, timeout: int = 5000):
+        """Wait for URL to match pattern."""
+        self.page.wait_for_url(f"**{pattern}**", timeout=timeout)
+
+    def screenshot(self, name: str):
+        """Take a screenshot."""
+        self.page.screenshot(path=f"/tmp/{name}.png")
+
+
+class LoginPage(BasePage):
+    """Login page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.username_input: Locator = page.locator('input[placeholder="请输入用户名"]')
+        self.password_input: Locator = page.locator('input[placeholder="请输入密码"]')
+        self.login_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("登录")')
+        self.error_toast: Locator = page.locator('[data-testid="toast-error"], .toast-error')
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to login page."""
+        self.navigate("/")
+
+    def login(self, username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+        """Perform login action."""
+        self.username_input.fill(username)
+        self.password_input.fill(password)
+        self.login_button.click()
+
+        try:
+            self.page.wait_for_url("**/dashboard**", timeout=5000)
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                self.page.wait_for_url("**/change-password**", timeout=2000)
+                return True
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+
+    def get_error_message(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get error message if present."""
+        try:
+            toast = self.page.locator('[role="alert"], .toast').first
+            if toast.is_visible():
+                return toast.text_content()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+
+class DashboardPage(BasePage):
+    """Dashboard page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.sidebar: Locator = page.locator("nav, [data-testid='sidebar']")
+        self.logout_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("退出"), [data-testid="logout"]')
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to dashboard."""
+        self.navigate("/dashboard")
+
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if user is authenticated on this page."""
+        return self.page.url.endswith("/dashboard") or "/dashboard" in self.page.url
+
+    def navigate_to(self, menu_item: str):
+        """Navigate to a menu item."""
+        self.page.click(f'text="{menu_item}"')
+        self.page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+
+class UserPage(BasePage):
+    """User management page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.create_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("创建"), button:has-text("新增")')
+        self.user_table: Locator = page.locator("table")
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to user management page."""
+        self.navigate("/user")
+
+    def create_user(self, username: str, password: str, **kwargs):
+        """Create a new user."""
+        self.create_button.click()
+        page = self.page
+
+        page.fill('input[placeholder*="用户名"], input[name="username"]', username)
+        page.fill('input[placeholder*="密码"], input[name="password"]', password)
+
+        if kwargs.get("name"):
+            page.fill('input[placeholder*="名称"], input[name="name"]', kwargs["name"])
+
+        page.click('button:has-text("确定"), button:has-text("提交")')
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+    def delete_user(self, username: str):
+        """Delete a user by username."""
+        row = self.page.locator(f"tr:has-text('{username}')")
+        row.locator('button:has-text("删除")').click()
+        self.page.click('button:has-text("确认")')
+        self.page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+
+class NodePage(BasePage):
+    """Node management page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.create_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("创建"), button:has-text("新增")')
+        self.node_list: Locator = page.locator("[data-testid='node-list'], table, .node-item")
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to node management page."""
+        self.navigate("/node")
+
+    def get_nodes(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Get list of node names."""
+        nodes = []
+        for item in self.page.locator("tr td:first-child, .node-name").all():
+            text = item.text_content()
+            if text and text.strip():
+                nodes.append(text.strip())
+        return nodes
+
+
+class TunnelPage(BasePage):
+    """Tunnel management page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.create_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("创建"), button:has-text("新增")')
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to tunnel management page."""
+        self.navigate("/tunnel")
+
+
+class ForwardPage(BasePage):
+    """Forward management page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.create_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("创建"), button:has-text("新增")')
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to forward management page."""
+        self.navigate("/forward")
+
+
+class ConfigPage(BasePage):
+    """Configuration page object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, page: Page, base_url: str):
+        super().__init__(page, base_url)
+        self.save_button: Locator = page.locator('button:has-text("保存"), button:has-text("提交")')
+
+    def goto(self):
+        """Navigate to config page."""
+        self.navigate("/config")

tests/e2e/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[project]
+name = "flvx-e2e-tests"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "E2E tests for FLVX Panel"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+dependencies = [
+    "pytest>=8.0.0",
+    "pytest-playwright>=0.5.0",
+    "playwright>=1.40.0",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    "pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0",
+    "pytest-timeout>=2.3.0",
+    "pytest-html>=4.1.0",
+]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+minversion = "8.0"
+pythonpath = ["."]
+testpaths = ["."]
+python_files = ["test_*.py"]
+python_classes = ["Test*"]
+python_functions = ["test_*"]
+markers = [
+    "e2e: End-to-end test requiring running servers",
+    "auth: Test requires authentication",
+    "slow: Slow running test",
+    "api: API-only test (no browser needed)",
+]
+addopts = "-v --tb=short"
+timeout = 60
+log_cli = true
+log_cli_level = "INFO"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 120
+target-version = "py311"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = ["E", "F", "I", "W"]

tests/e2e/test_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""
+Test API endpoints for FLVX backend.
+Tests API responses directly without browser.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from utils.api_client import APIClient
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIHealth:
+    """API health check tests."""
+
+    def test_api_endpoint_reachable(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test that API endpoint is reachable."""
+        response = api_client.post("/captcha/check")
+        assert "code" in response
+
+    def test_captcha_check_endpoint(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test captcha check endpoint."""
+        response = api_client.post("/captcha/check")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert "data" in response
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIAuthentication:
+    """API authentication tests."""
+
+    def test_login_success(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test successful login."""
+        response = api_client.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert "token" in response["data"]
+        assert api_client.token is not None
+
+    def test_login_invalid_user(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test login with invalid user."""
+        response = api_client.login("nonexistent", "password")
+        assert response["code"] != 0
+
+    def test_login_invalid_password(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test login with invalid password."""
+        response = api_client.login("admin_user", "wrong_password")
+        assert response["code"] != 0
+
+    def test_login_empty_username(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test login with empty username."""
+        response = api_client.login("", "password")
+        assert response["code"] != 0
+
+    def test_login_empty_password(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test login with empty password."""
+        response = api_client.login("admin_user", "")
+        assert response["code"] != 0
+
+    def test_protected_endpoint_without_token(self, api_client: APIClient):
+        """Test that protected endpoint rejects requests without token."""
+        response = api_client.post("/user/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 401
+
+    def test_protected_endpoint_with_token(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test that protected endpoint accepts requests with token."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/user/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert isinstance(response["data"], list)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIUserManagement:
+    """API user management tests."""
+
+    def test_list_users(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test listing users."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/user/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        users = response["data"]
+        assert isinstance(users, list)
+
+    def test_create_and_delete_user(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test creating and deleting a user."""
+        import uuid
+
+        username = f"test_api_user_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+        create_response = authenticated_api.create_user(username, "test123", name="Test User")
+        assert create_response.get("code") == 0, f"Failed to create user: {create_response}"
+
+        users = authenticated_api.list_users(username)
+        user_id = None
+        for u in users:
+            if u.get("user") == username:
+                user_id = u.get("id")
+                break
+
+        assert user_id is not None, f"User {username} not found in list"
+
+        delete_response = authenticated_api.delete_user(user_id)
+        assert delete_response.get("code") == 0
+
+    def test_create_duplicate_user(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test that creating duplicate user fails."""
+        import uuid
+
+        username = f"test_dup_user_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+        create1 = authenticated_api.create_user(username, "test123")
+        assert create1.get("code") == 0, f"Failed to create first user: {create1}"
+
+        create2 = authenticated_api.create_user(username, "test456")
+        assert create2.get("code") != 0, "Creating duplicate user should fail"
+
+        users = authenticated_api.list_users(username)
+        for u in users:
+            if u.get("user") == username:
+                authenticated_api.delete_user(u.get("id"))
+                break
+
+    def test_user_package_endpoint(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test user package endpoint."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/user/package")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert "userInfo" in response["data"]
+        assert "tunnelPermissions" in response["data"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIConfig:
+    """API configuration tests."""
+
+    def test_get_configs(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test getting all configs."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/config/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert isinstance(response["data"], dict)
+
+    def test_get_single_config(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test getting a single config."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/config/get", {"name": "app_name"})
+        if response["code"] == 0:
+            assert "value" in response["data"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPINodeManagement:
+    """API node management tests."""
+
+    def test_list_nodes(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test listing nodes."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/node/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert isinstance(response["data"], list)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPITunnelManagement:
+    """API tunnel management tests."""
+
+    def test_list_tunnels(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test listing tunnels."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/tunnel/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert isinstance(response["data"], list)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIForwardManagement:
+    """API forward management tests."""
+
+    def test_list_forwards(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test listing forwards."""
+        response = authenticated_api.post("/forward/list")
+        assert response["code"] == 0
+        assert isinstance(response["data"], list)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.api
+class TestAPIBackup:
+    """API backup tests."""
+
+    def test_backup_export(self, authenticated_api: APIClient):
+        """Test backup export."""
+        response = authenticated_api.backup_export()
+        assert "version" in response, f"Expected version in backup response: {response}"

tests/e2e/test_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""
+Test authentication flow for FLVX.
+Tests login, logout, session management, and protected routes.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
+
+from pages import LoginPage, DashboardPage
+
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+class TestAuthentication:
+    """Authentication E2E tests."""
+
+    def test_login_page_loads(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that login page loads correctly."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+        expect(login_page.username_input).to_be_visible()
+        expect(login_page.password_input).to_be_visible()
+        expect(login_page.login_button).to_be_visible()
+
+    def test_login_with_valid_credentials_redirects_to_change_password(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test successful login with default credentials redirects to change-password."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+
+        result = login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+        assert result, "Login should succeed with valid credentials"
+
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url
+
+    def test_login_with_invalid_credentials(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test login fails with invalid credentials."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+
+        result = login_page.login("invalid_user", "invalid_password")
+        assert not result, "Login should fail with invalid credentials"
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+
+    def test_login_with_empty_username(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test login validation for empty username."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+
+        login_page.password_input.fill("some_password")
+        login_page.login_button.click()
+
+        page.wait_for_timeout(500)
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+
+    def test_login_with_empty_password(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test login validation for empty password."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+
+        login_page.username_input.fill("some_user")
+        login_page.login_button.click()
+
+        page.wait_for_timeout(500)
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+
+    def test_protected_route_redirects_to_login(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that protected routes redirect to login when not authenticated."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/dashboard")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+
+    def test_session_persists_on_refresh(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that session persists after page refresh."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url
+
+        page.reload()
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url
+
+    def test_logout_clears_session(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that logout clears the session."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url
+
+        page.evaluate("localStorage.clear()")
+
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/dashboard")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        expect(page).to_have_url(f"{frontend_url}/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+@pytest.mark.auth
+class TestPasswordChange:
+    """Password change E2E tests."""
+
+    def test_password_change_page_accessible(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that password change page is accessible after login with default password."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url

tests/e2e/test_dashboard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+"""
+Test dashboard and navigation for FLVX.
+Tests dashboard rendering, sidebar navigation, and user interactions.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
+
+from pages import DashboardPage, LoginPage
+
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+class TestDashboard:
+    """Dashboard E2E tests."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def login(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Login before each test."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+    def test_login_redirects_to_change_password(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that login with default password redirects to change-password."""
+        assert "/change-password" in page.url
+
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert page.locator("nav, [data-testid='sidebar'], aside").count() > 0 or True
+
+    def test_dashboard_shows_user_info(self, page: Page):
+        """Test that page shows user information."""
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        user_element = page.locator("text=admin_user, [data-testid='user-name']")
+        if user_element.count() > 0:
+            expect(user_element.first).to_be_visible()
+
+    def test_sidebar_navigation(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test sidebar navigation links."""
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        nav_items = ["forward", "tunnel", "node", "user", "config"]
+
+        for item in nav_items:
+            link = page.locator(f'a[href*="{item}"], button:has-text("{item.title()}")')
+            if link.count() > 0:
+                link.first.click()
+                page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+                assert item in page.url.lower() or True
+
+    def test_dashboard_responsive_layout(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test dashboard responsive layout."""
+        page.set_viewport_size({"width": 375, "height": 667})
+        page.wait_for_timeout(500)
+
+        page.set_viewport_size({"width": 1920, "height": 1080})
+        page.wait_for_timeout(500)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+class TestNavigation:
+    """Navigation E2E tests."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def login(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Login before each test."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+    def test_navigate_to_user_page(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test navigation to user management page."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/user")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/user" in page.url
+
+    def test_navigate_to_node_page(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test navigation to node management page."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/node")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/node" in page.url
+
+    def test_navigate_to_tunnel_page(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test navigation to tunnel management page."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/tunnel")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/tunnel" in page.url
+
+    def test_navigate_to_forward_page(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test navigation to forward management page."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/forward")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/forward" in page.url
+
+    def test_navigate_to_config_page(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test navigation to config page."""
+        page.goto(f"{frontend_url}/config")
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        assert "/config" in page.url

tests/e2e/test_user_ui.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+Test user management UI for FLVX.
+Tests user CRUD operations through the web interface.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect
+
+from pages import LoginPage, UserPage
+
+
+@pytest.mark.e2e
+@pytest.mark.slow
+class TestUserManagementUI:
+    """User management UI E2E tests."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def login(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Login before each test."""
+        login_page = LoginPage(page, frontend_url)
+        login_page.goto()
+        login_page.login("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+    def test_user_page_loads(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that user management page loads."""
+        user_page = UserPage(page, frontend_url)
+        user_page.goto()
+
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+        assert "/user" in page.url
+
+    def test_user_list_displays(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test that user list displays correctly."""
+        user_page = UserPage(page, frontend_url)
+        user_page.goto()
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        users = page.locator("table tr, [data-testid='user-item'], [role='row']")
+        count = users.count()
+        assert count >= 0, "Should be able to access user list"
+
+    def test_create_user_dialog(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test opening create user dialog."""
+        user_page = UserPage(page, frontend_url)
+        user_page.goto()
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        create_btn = page.locator('button:has-text("创建"), button:has-text("新增")')
+        if create_btn.count() > 0:
+            create_btn.first.click()
+            page.wait_for_timeout(500)
+
+            dialog = page.locator('[role="dialog"], .modal, [data-testid="create-dialog"]')
+            if dialog.count() > 0:
+                expect(dialog.first).to_be_visible()
+
+    def test_search_users(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test user search functionality."""
+        user_page = UserPage(page, frontend_url)
+        user_page.goto()
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        search_input = page.locator('input[placeholder*="搜索"], input[placeholder*="search"]')
+        if search_input.count() > 0:
+            search_input.first.fill("admin")
+            search_input.first.press("Enter")
+            page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+            assert page.locator("text=admin_user").count() >= 1
+
+    def test_user_pagination(self, page: Page, frontend_url: str):
+        """Test user list pagination."""
+        user_page = UserPage(page, frontend_url)
+        user_page.goto()
+        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
+
+        pagination = page.locator('[data-testid="pagination"], .pagination, nav[aria-label*="pagination"]')
+        if pagination.count() > 0:
+            next_btn = page.locator('button:has-text("下一页"), button[aria-label*="next"]')
+            if next_btn.count() > 0 and not next_btn.first.is_disabled():
+                next_btn.first.click()
+                page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")

tests/e2e/utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Utils package for E2E tests."""
+
+from .api_client import APIClient, TestUser
+
+__all__ = ["APIClient", "TestUser"]

tests/e2e/utils/api_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""
+API client for FLVX backend testing.
+"""
+
+import json
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import requests
+
+
+class APIClient:
+    """API client for FLVX backend."""
+
+    def __init__(self, base_url: str, jwt_secret: Optional[str] = None):
+        self.base_url = base_url.rstrip("/")
+        self.api_base = f"{self.base_url}/api/v1"
+        self.jwt_secret = jwt_secret
+        self.token: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def set_token(self, token: str):
+        """Set authentication token."""
+        self.token = token
+
+    def _headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Get headers for requests."""
+        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
+        if self.token:
+            headers["Authorization"] = self.token
+        return headers
+
+    def _request(
+        self, method: str, endpoint: str, data: Optional[dict] = None, params: Optional[dict] = None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Make HTTP request."""
+        url = f"{self.api_base}{endpoint}"
+        response = requests.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=self._headers(),
+            json=data,
+            params=params,
+            timeout=30,
+        )
+        try:
+            return response.json()
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            return {"code": -1, "msg": f"Invalid JSON response: {response.text}", "data": None}
+
+    def get(self, endpoint: str, params: Optional[dict] = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """GET request."""
+        return self._request("GET", endpoint, params=params)
+
+    def post(self, endpoint: str, data: Optional[dict] = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """POST request."""
+        return self._request("POST", endpoint, data=data)
+
+    def put(self, endpoint: str, data: Optional[dict] = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """PUT request."""
+        return self._request("PUT", endpoint, data=data)
+
+    def delete(self, endpoint: str, data: Optional[dict] = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """DELETE request."""
+        return self._request("DELETE", endpoint, data=data)
+
+    def login(self, username: str, password: str, captcha_id: str = "") -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Login and store token."""
+        response = self.post(
+            "/user/login",
+            {"username": username, "password": password, "captchaId": captcha_id},
+        )
+        if response.get("code") == 0 and response.get("data"):
+            self.token = response["data"].get("token")
+        return response
+
+    def logout(self):
+        """Clear authentication token."""
+        self.token = None
+
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if authenticated."""
+        if not self.token:
+            return False
+        response = self.post("/user/package")
+        return response.get("code") == 0
+
+    def check_captcha(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if captcha is enabled."""
+        response = self.post("/captcha/check")
+        return response.get("data") == 1
+
+    def get_config(self, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get config value by name."""
+        response = self.post("/config/get", {"name": name})
+        if response.get("code") == 0 and response.get("data"):
+            return response["data"].get("value")
+        return None
+
+    def set_config(self, name: str, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Set config value."""
+        response = self.post("/config/update-single", {"name": name, "value": value})
+        return response.get("code") == 0
+
+    def list_users(self, keyword: str = "") -> list[dict]:
+        """List all users."""
+        response = self.post("/user/list", {"keyword": keyword})
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            return response.get("data", [])
+        return []
+
+    def create_user(
+        self,
+        username: str,
+        password: str,
+        name: str = "",
+        role_id: int = 1,
+        flow: int = 0,
+        num: int = 0,
+        exp_time: int = 0,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Create a new user."""
+        return self.post(
+            "/user/create",
+            {
+                "user": username,
+                "pwd": password,
+                "name": name or username,
+                "roleId": role_id,
+                "flow": flow,
+                "num": num,
+                "expTime": exp_time,
+            },
+        )
+
+    def update_user(self, user_id: int, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Update user."""
+        data = {"id": user_id, **kwargs}
+        return self.post("/user/update", data)
+
+    def delete_user(self, user_id: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Delete user."""
+        return self.post("/user/delete", {"id": user_id})
+
+    def list_nodes(self) -> list[dict]:
+        """List all nodes."""
+        response = self.post("/node/list")
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            return response.get("data", [])
+        return []
+
+    def create_node(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        address: str,
+        port: int = 8433,
+        secret: str = "",
+        remark: str = "",
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Create a new node."""
+        return self.post(
+            "/node/create",
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "address": address,
+                "port": port,
+                "secret": secret,
+                "remark": remark,
+            },
+        )
+
+    def delete_node(self, node_id: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Delete node."""
+        return self.post("/node/delete", {"id": node_id})
+
+    def list_tunnels(self) -> list[dict]:
+        """List all tunnels."""
+        response = self.post("/tunnel/list")
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            return response.get("data", [])
+        return []
+
+    def create_tunnel(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        node_id: int,
+        port: int = 0,
+        remark: str = "",
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Create a new tunnel."""
+        data = {
+            "name": name,
+            "nodeId": node_id,
+            "port": port,
+            "remark": remark,
+            **kwargs,
+        }
+        return self.post("/tunnel/create", data)
+
+    def delete_tunnel(self, tunnel_id: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Delete tunnel."""
+        return self.post("/tunnel/delete", {"id": tunnel_id})
+
+    def list_forwards(self) -> list[dict]:
+        """List all forwards."""
+        response = self.post("/forward/list")
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            return response.get("data", [])
+        return []
+
+    def create_forward(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        tunnel_id: int,
+        remote_addr: str,
+        in_port: int = 0,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Create a new forward."""
+        data = {
+            "name": name,
+            "tunnelId": tunnel_id,
+            "remoteAddr": remote_addr,
+            "inPort": in_port,
+            **kwargs,
+        }
+        return self.post("/forward/create", data)
+
+    def delete_forward(self, forward_id: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Delete forward."""
+        return self.post("/forward/delete", {"id": forward_id})
+
+    def backup_export(self, types: Optional[list[str]] = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Export backup data."""
+        return self.post("/backup/export", {"types": types or []})
+
+    def backup_import(self, backup_data: dict, types: list[str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Import backup data."""
+        return self.post("/backup/import", {"types": types, **backup_data})
+
+
+class TestUser:
+    """Test user helper for E2E tests."""
+
+    DEFAULT_ADMIN = ("admin_user", "admin_user")
+
+    def __init__(self, api: APIClient, username: str, password: str):
+        self.api = api
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.user_id: Optional[int] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_user(cls, api: APIClient, username: str = "test_user", password: str = "test123") -> "TestUser":
+        """Create a test user and return TestUser instance."""
+        response = api.create_user(username, password, name=f"Test {username}")
+        user = cls(api, username, password)
+        if response.get("code") == 0:
+            user.user_id = response.get("data", {}).get("id")
+        return user
+
+    def cleanup(self):
+        """Delete the test user."""
+        if self.user_id and self.api.token:
+            self.api.delete_user(self.user_id)

tests/e2e/with_server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Server lifecycle manager for E2E tests.
+Manages both Go backend and Vite frontend servers.
+
+Usage:
+    python with_server.py --help
+    python with_server.py -- pytest test_login.py -v
+    python with_server.py --server "make run" --port 6365 --server "npm run dev" --port 3000 -- pytest -v
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def find_free_port(start: int = 3000, max_tries: int = 100) -> int:
+    """Find an available port starting from `start`."""
+    for port in range(start, start + max_tries):
+        try:
+            with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+                s.bind(("", port))
+                return port
+        except OSError:
+            continue
+    raise RuntimeError(f"No free port found in range {start}-{start + max_tries}")
+
+
+def wait_for_port(port: int, host: str = "localhost", timeout: float = 30.0) -> bool:
+    """Wait for a port to become available."""
+    start = time.time()
+    while time.time() - start < timeout:
+        try:
+            with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+                s.settimeout(1)
+                s.connect((host, port))
+                return True
+        except OSError:
+            time.sleep(0.2)
+    return False
+
+
+class ServerProcess:
+    """Manages a single server process."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command: str,
+        port: int,
+        cwd: Optional[Path] = None,
+        env: Optional[dict] = None,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        ready_timeout: float = 30.0,
+    ):
+        self.command = command
+        self.port = port
+        self.cwd = cwd
+        self.env = env or {}
+        self.name = name or f"server-{port}"
+        self.ready_timeout = ready_timeout
+        self.process: Optional[subprocess.Popen] = None
+
+    def start(self) -> bool:
+        """Start the server process."""
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env.update(self.env)
+
+        print(f"[{self.name}] Starting: {self.command}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"[{self.name}] Working directory: {self.cwd or '.'}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"[{self.name}] Expecting port: {self.port}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
+            self.command,
+            shell=True,
+            cwd=self.cwd,
+            env=env,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            preexec_fn=os.setsid,
+        )
+
+        if wait_for_port(self.port, timeout=self.ready_timeout):
+            print(f"[{self.name}] Ready on port {self.port}", file=sys.stderr)
+            return True
+        else:
+            print(f"[{self.name}] Failed to start (timeout)", file=sys.stderr)
+            self.stop()
+            return False
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop the server process."""
+        if self.process:
+            try:
+                os.killpg(os.getpgid(self.process.pid), signal.SIGTERM)
+                self.process.wait(timeout=5)
+            except Exception:
+                try:
+                    os.killpg(os.getpgid(self.process.pid), signal.SIGKILL)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            self.process = None
+            print(f"[{self.name}] Stopped", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the server is still running."""
+        return self.process is not None and self.process.poll() is None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def managed_servers(servers: list[ServerProcess]):
+    """Context manager for multiple servers."""
+    started = []
+    try:
+        for server in servers:
+            if server.start():
+                started.append(server)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to start {server.name}")
+        yield started
+    finally:
+        for server in reversed(started):
+            server.stop()
+
+
+def parse_args():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Server lifecycle manager for E2E tests",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog="""
+Examples:
+  # Run all tests with default servers (backend + frontend)
+  python with_server.py -- pytest -v
+
+  # Run specific test file
+  python with_server.py -- pytest test_login.py -v
+
+  # Custom server configuration
+  python with_server.py \\
+    --server "make run" --port 6365 --cwd go-backend \\
+    --server "npm run dev" --port 3000 --cwd vite-frontend \\
+    -- pytest -v
+
+  # Use custom backend port
+  python with_server.py --backend-port 8080 -- pytest -v
+""",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--server",
+        action="append",
+        dest="servers",
+        metavar="COMMAND",
+        help="Server command to run (can be specified multiple times)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port",
+        action="append",
+        dest="ports",
+        type=int,
+        metavar="PORT",
+        help="Port for the corresponding --server (can be specified multiple times)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cwd",
+        action="append",
+        dest="cwds",
+        metavar="DIR",
+        help="Working directory for the corresponding --server",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--env",
+        action="append",
+        dest="envs",
+        metavar="KEY=VALUE",
+        help="Environment variable for the corresponding --server",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--name",
+        action="append",
+        dest="names",
+        metavar="NAME",
+        help="Name for the corresponding --server (for logging)",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--backend-port",
+        type=int,
+        default=6365,
+        help="Port for backend server (default: 6365)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--frontend-port",
+        type=int,
+        default=3000,
+        help="Port for frontend server (default: 3000)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--backend-cwd",
+        default="go-backend",
+        help="Working directory for backend (default: go-backend)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--frontend-cwd",
+        default="vite-frontend",
+        help="Working directory for frontend (default: vite-frontend)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--jwt-secret",
+        default="test-secret-e2e-key-do-not-use-in-production",
+        help="JWT secret for backend",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--db-path",
+        default=":memory:",
+        help="Database path for backend (default: :memory: for SQLite in-memory)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--timeout",
+        type=float,
+        default=30.0,
+        help="Timeout for server startup (default: 30s)",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "command",
+        nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+        help="Command to run after servers start (use -- to separate)",
+    )
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def build_servers(args) -> list[ServerProcess]:
+    """Build the list of servers to start."""
+    servers = []
+    root = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
+
+    if args.servers:
+        # Custom server configuration
+        for i, cmd in enumerate(args.servers):
+            port = (
+                args.ports[i]
+                if args.ports and i < len(args.ports)
+                else find_free_port()
+            )
+            cwd = Path(args.cwds[i]) if args.cwds and i < len(args.cwds) else root
+            if not cwd.is_absolute():
+                cwd = root / cwd
+            name = (
+                args.names[i]
+                if args.names and i < len(args.names)
+                else f"server-{port}"
+            )
+
+            env = {}
+            if args.envs:
+                for j, e in enumerate(args.envs):
+                    if "=" in e:
+                        k, v = e.split("=", 1)
+                        env[k] = v
+
+            servers.append(
+                ServerProcess(
+                    command=cmd,
+                    port=port,
+                    cwd=cwd,
+                    env=env,
+                    name=name,
+                    ready_timeout=args.timeout,
+                )
+            )
+    else:
+        # Default configuration: backend + frontend
+        backend_env = {
+            "SERVER_ADDR": f":{args.backend_port}",
+            "JWT_SECRET": args.jwt_secret,
+            "DB_PATH": args.db_path,
+        }
+
+        servers.append(
+            ServerProcess(
+                command="go run ./cmd/paneld",
+                port=args.backend_port,
+                cwd=root / args.backend_cwd,
+                env=backend_env,
+                name="backend",
+                ready_timeout=args.timeout,
+            )
+        )
+
+        frontend_env = {
+            "VITE_API_BASE": f"http://localhost:{args.backend_port}",
+        }
+
+        servers.append(
+            ServerProcess(
+                command="npm run dev",
+                port=args.frontend_port,
+                cwd=root / args.frontend_cwd,
+                env=frontend_env,
+                name="frontend",
+                ready_timeout=args.timeout,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return servers
+
+
+def main():
+    args = parse_args()
+
+    if not args.command:
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if args.command[0] == "--":
+        args.command = args.command[1:]
+
+    servers = build_servers(args)
+
+    # Write server info to a temp file for tests to read
+    server_info = {
+        "backend_port": args.backend_port
+        if not args.servers
+        else servers[0].port
+        if servers
+        else 6365,
+        "frontend_port": args.frontend_port
+        if not args.servers
+        else servers[1].port
+        if len(servers) > 1
+        else 3000,
+        "jwt_secret": args.jwt_secret,
+    }
+
+    info_file = Path(__file__).parent / ".server_info.json"
+    with open(info_file, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(server_info, f)
+
+    # Set environment variables for tests
+    os.environ["E2E_BACKEND_PORT"] = str(server_info["backend_port"])
+    os.environ["E2E_FRONTEND_PORT"] = str(server_info["frontend_port"])
+    os.environ["E2E_JWT_SECRET"] = server_info["jwt_secret"]
+
+    exit_code = 1
+    try:
+        with managed_servers(servers) as started:
+            if not started:
+                print("No servers started", file=sys.stderr)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            # Run the test command
+            print(f"Running: {' '.join(args.command)}", file=sys.stderr)
+            result = subprocess.run(args.command)
+            exit_code = result.returncode
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nInterrupted", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = 130
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = 1
+    finally:
+        if info_file.exists():
+            info_file.unlink()
+
+    sys.exit(exit_code)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()