diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/alertrule.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/alertrule.go
index 708f9cf..5ebb56d 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/alertrule.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/alertrule.go
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ func createAlertRule(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
+	r.UserID = uid
 	r.Name = arf.Name
 	r.Rules = arf.Rules
 	r.FailTriggerTasks = arf.FailTriggerTasks
@@ -100,6 +103,10 @@ func updateAlertRule(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("alert id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !r.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	r.Name = arf.Name
 	r.Rules = arf.Rules
 	r.FailTriggerTasks = arf.FailTriggerTasks
@@ -133,12 +140,24 @@ func updateAlertRule(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/alert-rule [post]
 func batchDeleteAlertRule(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var ar []uint64
-
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ar); err != nil {
+	var arr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&arr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var ars []model.AlertRule
+	if err := singleton.DB.Where("id in (?)", arr).Find(&ars).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var ar []uint64
+	for _, a := range ars {
+		if !a.HasPermission(c) {
+			return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+		}
+		ar = append(ar, a.ID)
+	}
+
 	if err := singleton.DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.AlertRule{}, "id in (?)", ar).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, newGormError("%v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/controller.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/controller.go
index 9f0f4af..1251bbe 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/controller.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/controller.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	jwt "github.com/appleboy/gin-jwt/v2"
@@ -78,11 +79,11 @@ func routers(r *gin.Engine, frontendDist fs.FS) {
 
 	auth.GET("/profile", commonHandler(getProfile))
 	auth.POST("/profile", commonHandler(updateProfile))
-	auth.GET("/user", commonHandler(listUser))
-	auth.POST("/user", commonHandler(createUser))
-	auth.POST("/batch-delete/user", commonHandler(batchDeleteUser))
+	auth.GET("/user", adminHandler(listUser))
+	auth.POST("/user", adminHandler(createUser))
+	auth.POST("/batch-delete/user", adminHandler(batchDeleteUser))
 
-	auth.GET("/service/list", commonHandler(listService))
+	auth.GET("/service/list", listHandler(listService))
 	auth.POST("/service", commonHandler(createService))
 	auth.PATCH("/service/:id", commonHandler(updateService))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/service", commonHandler(batchDeleteService))
@@ -96,42 +97,42 @@ func routers(r *gin.Engine, frontendDist fs.FS) {
 	auth.PATCH("/notification-group/:id", commonHandler(updateNotificationGroup))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/notification-group", commonHandler(batchDeleteNotificationGroup))
 
-	auth.GET("/server", commonHandler(listServer))
+	auth.GET("/server", listHandler(listServer))
 	auth.PATCH("/server/:id", commonHandler(updateServer))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/server", commonHandler(batchDeleteServer))
 	auth.POST("/force-update/server", commonHandler(forceUpdateServer))
 
-	auth.GET("/notification", commonHandler(listNotification))
+	auth.GET("/notification", listHandler(listNotification))
 	auth.POST("/notification", commonHandler(createNotification))
 	auth.PATCH("/notification/:id", commonHandler(updateNotification))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/notification", commonHandler(batchDeleteNotification))
 
-	auth.GET("/alert-rule", commonHandler(listAlertRule))
+	auth.GET("/alert-rule", listHandler(listAlertRule))
 	auth.POST("/alert-rule", commonHandler(createAlertRule))
 	auth.PATCH("/alert-rule/:id", commonHandler(updateAlertRule))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/alert-rule", commonHandler(batchDeleteAlertRule))
 
-	auth.GET("/cron", commonHandler(listCron))
+	auth.GET("/cron", listHandler(listCron))
 	auth.POST("/cron", commonHandler(createCron))
 	auth.PATCH("/cron/:id", commonHandler(updateCron))
 	auth.GET("/cron/:id/manual", commonHandler(manualTriggerCron))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/cron", commonHandler(batchDeleteCron))
 
-	auth.GET("/ddns", commonHandler(listDDNS))
+	auth.GET("/ddns", listHandler(listDDNS))
 	auth.GET("/ddns/providers", commonHandler(listProviders))
 	auth.POST("/ddns", commonHandler(createDDNS))
 	auth.PATCH("/ddns/:id", commonHandler(updateDDNS))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/ddns", commonHandler(batchDeleteDDNS))
 
-	auth.GET("/nat", commonHandler(listNAT))
+	auth.GET("/nat", listHandler(listNAT))
 	auth.POST("/nat", commonHandler(createNAT))
 	auth.PATCH("/nat/:id", commonHandler(updateNAT))
 	auth.POST("/batch-delete/nat", commonHandler(batchDeleteNAT))
 
 	auth.GET("/waf", commonHandler(listBlockedAddress))
-	auth.POST("/batch-delete/waf", commonHandler(batchDeleteBlockedAddress))
+	auth.POST("/batch-delete/waf", adminHandler(batchDeleteBlockedAddress))
 
-	auth.PATCH("/setting", commonHandler(updateConfig))
+	auth.PATCH("/setting", adminHandler(updateConfig))
 
 	r.NoRoute(fallbackToFrontend(frontendDist))
 }
@@ -189,29 +190,74 @@ func (we *wsError) Error() string {
 
 func commonHandler[T any](handler handlerFunc[T]) func(*gin.Context) {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
-		data, err := handler(c)
-		if err == nil {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model.CommonResponse[T]{Success: true, Data: data})
+		handle(c, handler)
+	}
+}
+
+func adminHandler[T any](handler handlerFunc[T]) func(*gin.Context) {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		auth, ok := c.Get(model.CtxKeyAuthorizedUser)
+		if !ok {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("unauthorized")))
 			return
 		}
-		switch err.(type) {
-		case *gormError:
-			log.Printf("NEZHA>> gorm error: %v", err)
-			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("database error")))
+
+		user := *auth.(*model.User)
+		if user.Role != model.RoleAdmin {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")))
 			return
-		case *wsError:
-			// Connection is upgraded to WebSocket, so c.Writer is no longer usable
-			if msg := err.Error(); msg != "" {
-				log.Printf("NEZHA>> websocket error: %v", err)
-			}
-			return
-		default:
+		}
+
+		handle(c, handler)
+	}
+}
+
+func handle[T any](c *gin.Context, handler handlerFunc[T]) {
+	data, err := handler(c)
+	if err == nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model.CommonResponse[T]{Success: true, Data: data})
+		return
+	}
+	switch err.(type) {
+	case *gormError:
+		log.Printf("NEZHA>> gorm error: %v", err)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("database error")))
+		return
+	case *wsError:
+		// Connection is upgraded to WebSocket, so c.Writer is no longer usable
+		if msg := err.Error(); msg != "" {
+			log.Printf("NEZHA>> websocket error: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	default:
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(err))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func listHandler[S ~[]E, E model.CommonInterface](handler handlerFunc[S]) func(*gin.Context) {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		data, err := handler(c)
+		if err != nil {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newErrorResponse(err))
 			return
 		}
+
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model.CommonResponse[S]{Success: true, Data: filter(c, data)})
 	}
 }
 
+func filter[S ~[]E, E model.CommonInterface](ctx *gin.Context, s S) S {
+	return slices.DeleteFunc(s, func(e E) bool {
+		return !e.HasPermission(ctx)
+	})
+}
+
+func getUid(c *gin.Context) uint64 {
+	user, _ := c.MustGet(model.CtxKeyAuthorizedUser).(*model.User)
+	return user.ID
+}
+
 func fallbackToFrontend(frontendDist fs.FS) func(*gin.Context) {
 	checkLocalFileOrFs := func(c *gin.Context, fs fs.FS, path string) bool {
 		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/cron.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/cron.go
index d8d95de..08ee7f1 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/cron.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/cron.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -50,6 +49,7 @@ func createCron(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
+	cr.UserID = getUid(c)
 	cr.TaskType = cf.TaskType
 	cr.Name = cf.Name
 	cr.Scheduler = cf.Scheduler
@@ -106,7 +106,11 @@ func updateCron(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 
 	var cr model.Cron
 	if err := singleton.DB.First(&cr, id).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("task id %d does not exist", id)
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("task id %d does not exist", id)
+	}
+
+	if !cr.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
 	}
 
 	cr.TaskType = cf.TaskType
@@ -156,12 +160,19 @@ func manualTriggerCron(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var cr model.Cron
-	if err := singleton.DB.First(&cr, id).Error; err != nil {
+	singleton.CronLock.RLock()
+	cr, ok := singleton.Crons[id]
+	if !ok {
+		singleton.CronLock.RUnlock()
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("task id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
+	singleton.CronLock.RUnlock()
 
-	singleton.ManualTrigger(&cr)
+	if !cr.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
+	singleton.ManualTrigger(cr)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -177,12 +188,24 @@ func manualTriggerCron(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/cron [post]
 func batchDeleteCron(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var cr []uint64
-
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&cr); err != nil {
+	var crr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&crr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var cr []uint64
+	singleton.CronLock.RLock()
+	for _, crID := range crr {
+		if crn, ok := singleton.Crons[crID]; ok {
+			if !crn.HasPermission(c) {
+				singleton.CronLock.RUnlock()
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			cr = append(cr, crn.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.CronLock.RUnlock()
+
 	if err := singleton.DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Cron{}, "id in (?)", cr).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, newGormError("%v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/ddns.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/ddns.go
index b58c28e..a0e52b7 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/ddns.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/ddns.go
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ func createDDNS(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("the retry count must be an integer between 1 and 10")
 	}
 
+	p.UserID = getUid(c)
 	p.Name = df.Name
 	enableIPv4 := df.EnableIPv4
 	enableIPv6 := df.EnableIPv6
@@ -125,6 +126,10 @@ func updateDDNS(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("profile id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !p.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	p.Name = df.Name
 	enableIPv4 := df.EnableIPv4
 	enableIPv6 := df.EnableIPv6
@@ -172,12 +177,25 @@ func updateDDNS(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/ddns [post]
 func batchDeleteDDNS(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var ddnsConfigs []uint64
+	var ddnsConfigsr []uint64
 
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ddnsConfigs); err != nil {
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ddnsConfigsr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var ddnsConfigs []uint64
+	singleton.DDNSCacheLock.RLock()
+	for _, pid := range ddnsConfigsr {
+		if p, ok := singleton.DDNSCache[pid]; ok {
+			if !p.HasPermission(c) {
+				singleton.DDNSCacheLock.RUnlock()
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			ddnsConfigs = append(ddnsConfigs, p.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.DDNSCacheLock.RUnlock()
+
 	if err := singleton.DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.DDNSProfile{}, "id in (?)", ddnsConfigs).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, newGormError("%v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/fm.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/fm.go
index c413d62..955970b 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/fm.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/fm.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
+
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/websocketx"
@@ -31,13 +32,6 @@ func createFM(c *gin.Context) (*model.CreateFMResponse, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	streamId, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	rpc.NezhaHandlerSingleton.CreateStream(streamId)
-
 	singleton.ServerLock.RLock()
 	server := singleton.ServerList[id]
 	singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
@@ -45,6 +39,17 @@ func createFM(c *gin.Context) (*model.CreateFMResponse, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("server not found or not connected")
 	}
 
+	if !server.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
+	streamId, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	rpc.NezhaHandlerSingleton.CreateStream(streamId)
+
 	fmData, _ := utils.Json.Marshal(&model.TaskFM{
 		StreamID: streamId,
 	})
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/nat.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/nat.go
index 6a2737e..4a75de7 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/nat.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/nat.go
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ func createNAT(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
+	n.UserID = uid
 	n.Name = nf.Name
 	n.Domain = nf.Domain
 	n.Host = nf.Host
@@ -95,6 +98,10 @@ func updateNAT(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("profile id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !n.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	n.Name = nf.Name
 	n.Domain = nf.Domain
 	n.Host = nf.Host
@@ -121,12 +128,24 @@ func updateNAT(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/nat [post]
 func batchDeleteNAT(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var n []uint64
-
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&n); err != nil {
+	var nr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&nr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var n []uint64
+	singleton.NATCacheRwLock.RLock()
+	for _, id := range nr {
+		if p, ok := singleton.NATCache[singleton.NATIDToDomain[id]]; ok {
+			if !p.HasPermission(c) {
+				singleton.NATCacheRwLock.RUnlock()
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			n = append(n, p.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.NATCacheRwLock.RUnlock()
+
 	if err := singleton.DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.NAT{}, "id in (?)", n).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, newGormError("%v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification.go
index 78ac770..7a03937 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification.go
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ func createNotification(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	}
 
 	var n model.Notification
+	n.UserID = getUid(c)
 	n.Name = nf.Name
 	n.RequestMethod = nf.RequestMethod
 	n.RequestType = nf.RequestType
@@ -106,6 +107,10 @@ func updateNotification(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("notification id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !n.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	n.Name = nf.Name
 	n.RequestMethod = nf.RequestMethod
 	n.RequestType = nf.RequestType
@@ -148,12 +153,23 @@ func updateNotification(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/notification [post]
 func batchDeleteNotification(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var n []uint64
-
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&n); err != nil {
+	var nr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&nr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var n []uint64
+	singleton.NotificationsLock.RLock()
+	for _, nid := range nr {
+		if ns, ok := singleton.NotificationMap[nid]; ok {
+			if !ns.HasPermission(c) {
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			n = append(n, ns.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.NotificationsLock.RUnlock()
+
 	err := singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Notification{}, "id in (?)", n).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification_group.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification_group.go
index 2e74dba..6b27471 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification_group.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/notification_group.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[[]model.NotificationGroupResponseItem]
 // @Router /notification-group [get]
-func listNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]model.NotificationGroupResponseItem, error) {
+func listNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]*model.NotificationGroupResponseItem, error) {
 	var ng []model.NotificationGroup
 	if err := singleton.DB.Find(&ng).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ func listNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]model.NotificationGroupResponseIte
 		groupNotifications[n.NotificationGroupID] = append(groupNotifications[n.NotificationGroupID], n.NotificationID)
 	}
 
-	ngRes := make([]model.NotificationGroupResponseItem, 0, len(ng))
+	ngRes := make([]*model.NotificationGroupResponseItem, 0, len(ng))
 	for _, n := range ng {
-		ngRes = append(ngRes, model.NotificationGroupResponseItem{
+		ngRes = append(ngRes, &model.NotificationGroupResponseItem{
 			Group:         n,
 			Notifications: groupNotifications[n.ID],
 		})
@@ -68,8 +68,11 @@ func createNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	}
 	ngf.Notifications = slices.Compact(ngf.Notifications)
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
 	var ng model.NotificationGroup
 	ng.Name = ngf.Name
+	ng.UserID = uid
 
 	var count int64
 	if err := singleton.DB.Model(&model.Notification{}).Where("id in (?)", ngf.Notifications).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@ func createNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		}
 		for _, n := range ngf.Notifications {
 			if err := tx.Create(&model.NotificationGroupNotification{
+				Common: model.Common{
+					UserID: uid,
+				},
 				NotificationGroupID: ng.ID,
 				NotificationID:      n,
 			}).Error; err != nil {
@@ -131,6 +137,10 @@ func updateNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("group id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !ngDB.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	ngDB.Name = ngf.Name
 	ngf.Notifications = slices.Compact(ngf.Notifications)
 
@@ -142,6 +152,8 @@ func updateNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("have invalid notification id")
 	}
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
 	err = singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Save(&ngDB).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -152,6 +164,9 @@ func updateNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 
 		for _, n := range ngf.Notifications {
 			if err := tx.Create(&model.NotificationGroupNotification{
+				Common: model.Common{
+					UserID: uid,
+				},
 				NotificationGroupID: ngDB.ID,
 				NotificationID:      n,
 			}).Error; err != nil {
@@ -180,11 +195,24 @@ func updateNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/notification-group [post]
 func batchDeleteNotificationGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var ngn []uint64
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ngn); err != nil {
+	var ngnr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ngnr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var ng []model.NotificationGroup
+	if err := singleton.DB.Where("id in (?)", ngnr).Find(&ng).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var ngn []uint64
+	for _, n := range ng {
+		if !n.HasPermission(c) {
+			return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+		}
+		ngn = append(ngn, n.ID)
+	}
+
 	err := singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.NotificationGroup{}, "id in (?)", ngn).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/server.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/server.go
index 48bd56e..69bf57a 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/server.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/server.go
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ func updateServer(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("server id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
 
+	if !s.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	s.Name = sf.Name
 	s.DisplayIndex = sf.DisplayIndex
 	s.Note = sf.Note
@@ -99,11 +103,24 @@ func updateServer(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/server [post]
 func batchDeleteServer(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var servers []uint64
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&servers); err != nil {
+	var serversRaw []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&serversRaw); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var servers []uint64
+	singleton.ServerLock.RLock()
+	for _, sid := range serversRaw {
+		if s, ok := singleton.ServerList[sid]; ok {
+			if !s.HasPermission(c) {
+				singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			servers = append(servers, s.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
+
 	err := singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Server{}, "id in (?)", servers).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -161,6 +178,9 @@ func forceUpdateServer(c *gin.Context) (*model.ForceUpdateResponse, error) {
 		server := singleton.ServerList[sid]
 		singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
 		if server != nil && server.TaskStream != nil {
+			if !server.HasPermission(c) {
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
 			if err := server.TaskStream.Send(&pb.Task{
 				Type: model.TaskTypeUpgrade,
 			}); err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/server_group.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/server_group.go
index 98b5c6f..1b4fd4c 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/server_group.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/server_group.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[[]model.ServerGroupResponseItem]
 // @Router /server-group [get]
-func listServerGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]model.ServerGroupResponseItem, error) {
+func listServerGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]*model.ServerGroupResponseItem, error) {
 	var sg []model.ServerGroup
 	if err := singleton.DB.Find(&sg).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ func listServerGroup(c *gin.Context) ([]model.ServerGroupResponseItem, error) {
 		groupServers[s.ServerGroupId] = append(groupServers[s.ServerGroupId], s.ServerId)
 	}
 
-	var sgRes []model.ServerGroupResponseItem
+	var sgRes []*model.ServerGroupResponseItem
 	for _, s := range sg {
-		sgRes = append(sgRes, model.ServerGroupResponseItem{
+		sgRes = append(sgRes, &model.ServerGroupResponseItem{
 			Group:   s,
 			Servers: groupServers[s.ID],
 		})
@@ -67,8 +67,11 @@ func createServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	}
 	sgf.Servers = slices.Compact(sgf.Servers)
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
 	var sg model.ServerGroup
 	sg.Name = sgf.Name
+	sg.UserID = uid
 
 	var count int64
 	if err := singleton.DB.Model(&model.Server{}).Where("id in (?)", sgf.Servers).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
@@ -84,6 +87,9 @@ func createServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		}
 		for _, s := range sgf.Servers {
 			if err := tx.Create(&model.ServerGroupServer{
+				Common: model.Common{
+					UserID: uid,
+				},
 				ServerGroupId: sg.ID,
 				ServerId:      s,
 			}).Error; err != nil {
@@ -129,6 +135,11 @@ func updateServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 	if err := singleton.DB.First(&sgDB, id).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("group id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
+
+	if !sgDB.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("unauthorized")
+	}
+
 	sgDB.Name = sg.Name
 
 	var count int64
@@ -139,6 +150,8 @@ func updateServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("have invalid server id")
 	}
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
 	err = singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Save(&sgDB).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -149,6 +162,9 @@ func updateServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 
 		for _, s := range sg.Servers {
 			if err := tx.Create(&model.ServerGroupServer{
+				Common: model.Common{
+					UserID: uid,
+				},
 				ServerGroupId: sgDB.ID,
 				ServerId:      s,
 			}).Error; err != nil {
@@ -176,11 +192,24 @@ func updateServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/server-group [post]
 func batchDeleteServerGroup(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var sgs []uint64
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&sgs); err != nil {
+	var sgsr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&sgsr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var sg []model.ServerGroup
+	if err := singleton.DB.Where("id in (?)", sgsr).Find(&sg).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var sgs []uint64
+	for _, s := range sg {
+		if !s.HasPermission(c) {
+			return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+		}
+		sgs = append(sgs, s.ID)
+	}
+
 	err := singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.ServerGroup{}, "id in (?)", sgs).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/service.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/service.go
index 2956681..78be9a6 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/service.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/service.go
@@ -190,7 +190,10 @@ func createService(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
+	uid := getUid(c)
+
 	var m model.Service
+	m.UserID = uid
 	m.Name = mf.Name
 	m.Target = strings.TrimSpace(mf.Target)
 	m.Type = mf.Type
@@ -260,6 +263,11 @@ func updateService(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 	if err := singleton.DB.First(&m, id).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("service id %d does not exist", id)
 	}
+
+	if !m.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
 	m.Name = mf.Name
 	m.Target = strings.TrimSpace(mf.Target)
 	m.Type = mf.Type
@@ -314,10 +322,24 @@ func updateService(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 // @Success 200 {object} model.CommonResponse[any]
 // @Router /batch-delete/service [post]
 func batchDeleteService(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
-	var ids []uint64
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&ids); err != nil {
+	var idsr []uint64
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&idsr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	var ids []uint64
+	singleton.ServiceSentinelShared.ServicesLock.RLock()
+	for _, id := range idsr {
+		if ss, ok := singleton.ServiceSentinelShared.Services[id]; ok {
+			if !ss.HasPermission(c) {
+				singleton.ServiceSentinelShared.ServicesLock.RUnlock()
+				return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+			}
+			ids = append(ids, ss.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	singleton.ServiceSentinelShared.ServicesLock.RUnlock()
+
 	err := singleton.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Service{}, "id in (?)", ids).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/terminal.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/terminal.go
index a5011b0..3c1ef0c 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/terminal.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/terminal.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
+
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/websocketx"
@@ -29,13 +30,6 @@ func createTerminal(c *gin.Context) (*model.CreateTerminalResponse, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	streamId, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	rpc.NezhaHandlerSingleton.CreateStream(streamId)
-
 	singleton.ServerLock.RLock()
 	server := singleton.ServerList[createTerminalReq.ServerID]
 	singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
@@ -43,6 +37,17 @@ func createTerminal(c *gin.Context) (*model.CreateTerminalResponse, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("server not found or not connected")
 	}
 
+	if !server.HasPermission(c) {
+		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("permission denied")
+	}
+
+	streamId, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	rpc.NezhaHandlerSingleton.CreateStream(streamId)
+
 	terminalData, _ := utils.Json.Marshal(&model.TerminalTask{
 		StreamID: streamId,
 	})
diff --git a/cmd/dashboard/controller/user.go b/cmd/dashboard/controller/user.go
index 7c8b9b9..12b236f 100644
--- a/cmd/dashboard/controller/user.go
+++ b/cmd/dashboard/controller/user.go
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ func createUser(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 
 	var u model.User
 	u.Username = uf.Username
+	u.Role = model.RoleMember
 
 	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(uf.Password), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@ func createUser(c *gin.Context) (uint64, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
+	singleton.OnUserUpdate(&u)
 	return u.ID, nil
 }
 
@@ -149,5 +151,6 @@ func batchDeleteUser(c *gin.Context) (any, error) {
 		return nil, singleton.Localizer.ErrorT("can't delete yourself")
 	}
 
+	singleton.OnUserDelete(ids)
 	return nil, singleton.DB.Where("id IN (?)", ids).Delete(&model.User{}).Error
 }
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 28ef269..f0c6f0e 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 module github.com/nezhahq/nezha
 
-go 1.22.7
+go 1.23.0
 
-toolchain go1.23.1
+toolchain go1.23.2
 
 require (
 	github.com/appleboy/gin-jwt/v2 v2.10.0
diff --git a/model/common.go b/model/common.go
index 294295e..cc2a08f 100644
--- a/model/common.go
+++ b/model/common.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package model
 
 import (
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -18,6 +20,47 @@ type Common struct {
 	UpdatedAt time.Time `gorm:"autoUpdateTime" json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
 	// Do not use soft deletion
 	// DeletedAt gorm.DeletedAt `gorm:"index" json:"deleted_at,omitempty"`
+
+	UserID uint64 `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (c *Common) GetID() uint64 {
+	return c.ID
+}
+
+func (c *Common) GetUserID() uint64 {
+	return c.UserID
+}
+
+func (c *Common) HasPermission(ctx *gin.Context) bool {
+	auth, ok := ctx.Get(CtxKeyAuthorizedUser)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	user := *auth.(*User)
+	if user.Role == RoleAdmin {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return user.ID == c.UserID
+}
+
+type CommonInterface interface {
+	GetID() uint64
+	GetUserID() uint64
+	HasPermission(*gin.Context) bool
+}
+
+func FindUserID[S ~[]E, E CommonInterface](s S, uid uint64) []uint64 {
+	var list []uint64
+	for _, v := range s {
+		if v.GetUserID() == uid {
+			list = append(list, v.GetID())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return list
 }
 
 type Response struct {
diff --git a/model/user.go b/model/user.go
index e1f297b..3e987d3 100644
--- a/model/user.go
+++ b/model/user.go
@@ -1,9 +1,31 @@
 package model
 
+import (
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+const (
+	RoleAdmin uint8 = iota
+	RoleMember
+)
+
 type User struct {
 	Common
-	Username string `json:"username,omitempty" gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
-	Password string `json:"password,omitempty" gorm:"type:char(72)"`
+	Username    string `json:"username,omitempty" gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
+	Password    string `json:"password,omitempty" gorm:"type:char(72)"`
+	Role        uint8  `json:"role,omitempty"`
+	AgentSecret string `json:"agent_secret,omitempty" gorm:"type:char(32)"`
+}
+
+func (u *User) BeforeSave(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	key, err := utils.GenerateRandomString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	u.AgentSecret = key
+	return nil
 }
 
 type Profile struct {
diff --git a/model/user_group.go b/model/user_group.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 45b0ecf..0000000
--- a/model/user_group.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package model
-
-type UserGroup struct {
-	Common
-	Name string `json:"name"`
-}
diff --git a/model/user_group_user.go b/model/user_group_user.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 080f35e..0000000
--- a/model/user_group_user.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package model
-
-type UserGroupUser struct {
-	Common
-	UserGroupId uint64 `json:"user_group_id"`
-	UserId      uint64 `json:"user_id"`
-}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/utils.go b/pkg/utils/utils.go
index 1ec9985..d3efd5a 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/utils.go
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package utils
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"errors"
+	"maps"
 	"math/big"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -145,3 +147,8 @@ func Itoa[T constraints.Integer](i T) string {
 		return ""
 	}
 }
+
+func MapValuesToSlice[Map ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m Map) []V {
+	s := make([]V, 0, len(m))
+	return slices.AppendSeq(s, maps.Values(m))
+}
diff --git a/service/rpc/auth.go b/service/rpc/auth.go
index 1709168..817f981 100644
--- a/service/rpc/auth.go
+++ b/service/rpc/auth.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package rpc
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/subtle"
 	"strings"
 
 	petname "github.com/dustinkirkland/golang-petname"
@@ -36,10 +37,14 @@ func (a *authHandler) Check(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
 
 	ip, _ := ctx.Value(model.CtxKeyRealIP{}).(string)
 
-	if clientSecret != singleton.Conf.AgentSecretKey {
+	singleton.UserLock.RLock()
+	userId, ok := singleton.AgentSecretToUserId[clientSecret]
+	if !ok && subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(clientSecret), []byte(singleton.Conf.AgentSecretKey)) != 1 {
+		singleton.UserLock.RUnlock()
 		model.BlockIP(singleton.DB, ip, model.WAFBlockReasonTypeAgentAuthFail)
 		return 0, status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, "客户端认证失败")
 	}
+	singleton.UserLock.RUnlock()
 
 	model.ClearIP(singleton.DB, ip)
 
@@ -53,21 +58,26 @@ func (a *authHandler) Check(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	}
 
 	singleton.ServerLock.RLock()
-	defer singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
-
 	clientID, hasID := singleton.ServerUUIDToID[clientUUID]
+	singleton.ServerLock.RUnlock()
+
 	if !hasID {
-		s := model.Server{UUID: clientUUID, Name: petname.Generate(2, "-")}
+		s := model.Server{UUID: clientUUID, Name: petname.Generate(2, "-"), Common: model.Common{
+			UserID: userId,
+		}}
 		if err := singleton.DB.Create(&s).Error; err != nil {
 			return 0, status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, err.Error())
 		}
 		s.Host = &model.Host{}
 		s.State = &model.HostState{}
 		s.GeoIP = &model.GeoIP{}
-		// generate a random silly server name
+
+		singleton.ServerLock.Lock()
 		singleton.ServerList[s.ID] = &s
 		singleton.ServerUUIDToID[clientUUID] = s.ID
+		singleton.ServerLock.Unlock()
 		singleton.ReSortServer()
+
 		clientID = s.ID
 	}
 
diff --git a/service/singleton/crontask.go b/service/singleton/crontask.go
index 0005ef7..8fc63e4 100644
--- a/service/singleton/crontask.go
+++ b/service/singleton/crontask.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
 
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 	pb "github.com/nezhahq/nezha/proto"
 )
 
@@ -79,10 +80,7 @@ func UpdateCronList() {
 	CronLock.RLock()
 	defer CronLock.RUnlock()
 
-	CronList = make([]*model.Cron, 0, len(Crons))
-	for _, c := range Crons {
-		CronList = append(CronList, c)
-	}
+	CronList = utils.MapValuesToSlice(Crons)
 	slices.SortFunc(CronList, func(a, b *model.Cron) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 	})
diff --git a/service/singleton/ddns.go b/service/singleton/ddns.go
index 7f35dab..ddbc040 100644
--- a/service/singleton/ddns.go
+++ b/service/singleton/ddns.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	ddns2 "github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/ddns"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/ddns/dummy"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/ddns/webhook"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -24,12 +25,10 @@ var (
 
 func initDDNS() {
 	DB.Find(&DDNSList)
-	DDNSCacheLock.Lock()
 	DDNSCache = make(map[uint64]*model.DDNSProfile)
 	for i := 0; i < len(DDNSList); i++ {
 		DDNSCache[DDNSList[i].ID] = DDNSList[i]
 	}
-	DDNSCacheLock.Unlock()
 
 	OnNameserverUpdate()
 }
@@ -56,10 +55,7 @@ func UpdateDDNSList() {
 	DDNSListLock.Lock()
 	defer DDNSListLock.Unlock()
 
-	DDNSList = make([]*model.DDNSProfile, 0, len(DDNSCache))
-	for _, p := range DDNSCache {
-		DDNSList = append(DDNSList, p)
-	}
+	DDNSList = utils.MapValuesToSlice(DDNSCache)
 	slices.SortFunc(DDNSList, func(a, b *model.DDNSProfile) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 	})
diff --git a/service/singleton/nat.go b/service/singleton/nat.go
index 7ac2897..e6f0323 100644
--- a/service/singleton/nat.go
+++ b/service/singleton/nat.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -19,8 +20,6 @@ var (
 
 func initNAT() {
 	DB.Find(&NATList)
-	NATCacheRwLock.Lock()
-	defer NATCacheRwLock.Unlock()
 	NATCache = make(map[string]*model.NAT)
 	for i := 0; i < len(NATList); i++ {
 		NATCache[NATList[i].Domain] = NATList[i]
@@ -59,10 +58,7 @@ func UpdateNATList() {
 	NATListLock.Lock()
 	defer NATListLock.Unlock()
 
-	NATList = make([]*model.NAT, 0, len(NATCache))
-	for _, n := range NATCache {
-		NATList = append(NATList, n)
-	}
+	NATList = utils.MapValuesToSlice(NATCache)
 	slices.SortFunc(NATList, func(a, b *model.NAT) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 	})
diff --git a/service/singleton/notification.go b/service/singleton/notification.go
index 498f000..cb63087 100644
--- a/service/singleton/notification.go
+++ b/service/singleton/notification.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 // InitNotification 初始化 GroupID <-> ID <-> Notification 的映射
-func InitNotification() {
+func initNotification() {
 	NotificationList = make(map[uint64]map[uint64]*model.Notification)
 	NotificationIDToGroups = make(map[uint64]map[uint64]struct{})
 	NotificationGroup = make(map[uint64]string)
@@ -38,9 +39,7 @@ func InitNotification() {
 
 // loadNotifications 从 DB 初始化通知方式相关参数
 func loadNotifications() {
-	InitNotification()
-	NotificationsLock.Lock()
-
+	initNotification()
 	groupNotifications := make(map[uint64][]uint64)
 	var ngn []model.NotificationGroupNotification
 	if err := DB.Find(&ngn).Error; err != nil {
@@ -74,8 +73,6 @@ func loadNotifications() {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
-	NotificationsLock.Unlock()
 }
 
 func UpdateNotificationList() {
@@ -85,10 +82,7 @@ func UpdateNotificationList() {
 	NotificationSortedLock.Lock()
 	defer NotificationSortedLock.Unlock()
 
-	NotificationListSorted = make([]*model.Notification, 0, len(NotificationMap))
-	for _, n := range NotificationMap {
-		NotificationListSorted = append(NotificationListSorted, n)
-	}
+	NotificationListSorted = utils.MapValuesToSlice(NotificationMap)
 	slices.SortFunc(NotificationListSorted, func(a, b *model.Notification) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 	})
diff --git a/service/singleton/server.go b/service/singleton/server.go
index 9450d9f..c6afb32 100644
--- a/service/singleton/server.go
+++ b/service/singleton/server.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package singleton
 
 import (
-	"sort"
+	"cmp"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -45,29 +47,21 @@ func ReSortServer() {
 	SortedServerLock.Lock()
 	defer SortedServerLock.Unlock()
 
-	SortedServerList = make([]*model.Server, 0, len(ServerList))
-	SortedServerListForGuest = make([]*model.Server, 0)
-	for _, s := range ServerList {
-		SortedServerList = append(SortedServerList, s)
+	SortedServerList = utils.MapValuesToSlice(ServerList)
+	// 按照服务器 ID 排序的具体实现（ID越大越靠前）
+	slices.SortStableFunc(SortedServerList, func(a, b *model.Server) int {
+		if a.DisplayIndex == b.DisplayIndex {
+			return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
+		}
+		return cmp.Compare(b.DisplayIndex, a.DisplayIndex)
+	})
+
+	SortedServerListForGuest = make([]*model.Server, 0, len(SortedServerList))
+	for _, s := range SortedServerList {
 		if !s.HideForGuest {
 			SortedServerListForGuest = append(SortedServerListForGuest, s)
 		}
 	}
-
-	// 按照服务器 ID 排序的具体实现（ID越大越靠前）
-	sort.SliceStable(SortedServerList, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if SortedServerList[i].DisplayIndex == SortedServerList[j].DisplayIndex {
-			return SortedServerList[i].ID < SortedServerList[j].ID
-		}
-		return SortedServerList[i].DisplayIndex > SortedServerList[j].DisplayIndex
-	})
-
-	sort.SliceStable(SortedServerListForGuest, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if SortedServerListForGuest[i].DisplayIndex == SortedServerListForGuest[j].DisplayIndex {
-			return SortedServerListForGuest[i].ID < SortedServerListForGuest[j].ID
-		}
-		return SortedServerListForGuest[i].DisplayIndex > SortedServerListForGuest[j].DisplayIndex
-	})
 }
 
 func OnServerDelete(sid []uint64) {
diff --git a/service/singleton/servicesentinel.go b/service/singleton/servicesentinel.go
index 2ef5c56..8cbfd1b 100644
--- a/service/singleton/servicesentinel.go
+++ b/service/singleton/servicesentinel.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/jinzhu/copier"
 	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/pkg/utils"
 	pb "github.com/nezhahq/nezha/proto"
 )
 
@@ -174,11 +175,7 @@ func (ss *ServiceSentinel) UpdateServiceList() {
 	ss.ServiceListLock.Lock()
 	defer ss.ServiceListLock.Unlock()
 
-	ss.ServiceList = make([]*model.Service, 0, len(ss.Services))
-	for _, v := range ss.Services {
-		ss.ServiceList = append(ss.ServiceList, v)
-	}
-
+	ss.ServiceList = utils.MapValuesToSlice(ss.Services)
 	slices.SortFunc(ss.ServiceList, func(a, b *model.Service) int {
 		return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
 	})
@@ -192,13 +189,6 @@ func (ss *ServiceSentinel) loadServiceHistory() {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	ss.serviceResponseDataStoreLock.Lock()
-	defer ss.serviceResponseDataStoreLock.Unlock()
-	ss.monthlyStatusLock.Lock()
-	defer ss.monthlyStatusLock.Unlock()
-	ss.ServicesLock.Lock()
-	defer ss.ServicesLock.Unlock()
-
 	for i := 0; i < len(services); i++ {
 		task := *services[i]
 		// 通过cron定时将服务监控任务传递给任务调度管道
diff --git a/service/singleton/singleton.go b/service/singleton/singleton.go
index 0d2bedb..c284e91 100644
--- a/service/singleton/singleton.go
+++ b/service/singleton/singleton.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func InitTimezoneAndCache() {
 
 // LoadSingleton 加载子服务并执行
 func LoadSingleton() {
+	initUser()          // 加载用户ID绑定表
 	initI18n()          // 加载本地化服务
 	loadNotifications() // 加载通知服务
 	loadServers()       // 加载服务器列表
@@ -79,8 +80,8 @@ func InitDBFromPath(path string) {
 	}
 	err = DB.AutoMigrate(model.Server{}, model.User{}, model.ServerGroup{}, model.NotificationGroup{},
 		model.Notification{}, model.AlertRule{}, model.Service{}, model.NotificationGroupNotification{},
-		model.ServiceHistory{}, model.Cron{}, model.Transfer{}, model.ServerGroupServer{}, model.UserGroup{},
-		model.UserGroupUser{}, model.NAT{}, model.DDNSProfile{}, model.NotificationGroupNotification{},
+		model.ServiceHistory{}, model.Cron{}, model.Transfer{}, model.ServerGroupServer{},
+		model.NAT{}, model.DDNSProfile{}, model.NotificationGroupNotification{},
 		model.WAF{})
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
diff --git a/service/singleton/user.go b/service/singleton/user.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88c333d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/singleton/user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package singleton
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/nezhahq/nezha/model"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+var (
+	UserIdToAgentSecret map[uint64]string
+	AgentSecretToUserId map[string]uint64
+
+	UserLock sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+func initUser() {
+	UserIdToAgentSecret = make(map[uint64]string)
+	AgentSecretToUserId = make(map[string]uint64)
+
+	var users []model.User
+	DB.Find(&users)
+
+	for _, u := range users {
+		UserIdToAgentSecret[u.ID] = u.AgentSecret
+		AgentSecretToUserId[u.AgentSecret] = u.ID
+	}
+}
+
+func OnUserUpdate(u *model.User) {
+	UserLock.Lock()
+	defer UserLock.Unlock()
+
+	if u == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	UserIdToAgentSecret[u.ID] = u.AgentSecret
+	AgentSecretToUserId[u.AgentSecret] = u.ID
+}
+
+func OnUserDelete(id []uint64) {
+	UserLock.Lock()
+	defer UserLock.Unlock()
+
+	if len(id) < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var (
+		cron   bool
+		server bool
+	)
+
+	for _, uid := range id {
+		secret := UserIdToAgentSecret[uid]
+		delete(AgentSecretToUserId, secret)
+		delete(UserIdToAgentSecret, uid)
+
+		CronLock.RLock()
+		crons := model.FindUserID(CronList, uid)
+		CronLock.RUnlock()
+
+		cron = len(crons) > 0
+		if cron {
+			DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Cron{}, "id in (?)", crons)
+			OnDeleteCron(crons)
+		}
+
+		SortedServerLock.RLock()
+		servers := model.FindUserID(SortedServerList, uid)
+		SortedServerLock.RUnlock()
+
+		server = len(servers) > 0
+		if server {
+			DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+				if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Server{}, "id in (?)", servers).Error; err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := tx.Unscoped().Delete(&model.ServerGroupServer{}, "server_id in (?)", servers).Error; err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+
+			AlertsLock.Lock()
+			for _, sid := range servers {
+				for _, alert := range Alerts {
+					if AlertsCycleTransferStatsStore[alert.ID] != nil {
+						delete(AlertsCycleTransferStatsStore[alert.ID].ServerName, sid)
+						delete(AlertsCycleTransferStatsStore[alert.ID].Transfer, sid)
+						delete(AlertsCycleTransferStatsStore[alert.ID].NextUpdate, sid)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			DB.Unscoped().Delete(&model.Transfer{}, "server_id in (?)", servers)
+			AlertsLock.Unlock()
+			OnServerDelete(servers)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cron {
+		UpdateCronList()
+	}
+
+	if server {
+		ReSortServer()
+	}
+}