[功能] 实现数据库版本管理与迁移逻辑，确保数据库结构与版本一致性

.gitignore

@@ -46,4 +46,5 @@ go.work.sum
 *.log
 
 .DS_Store
-.codex-cache
+.codex-cache
+/.gomodcache/

docs/development-guidelines.md

@@ -126,6 +126,18 @@
 * 快照与聚合结果采用追加式模型，不覆盖历史
 * 原始访问明细必须有受控保留策略
 
+### 3.1 数据库版本与迁移
+
+* 任何涉及表结构、索引、列类型、分表规则或内部持久化元数据的修改，都必须同步提升数据库版本号
+* 数据库版本号定义在 `openflare_server/model`，不得只依赖 `AutoMigrate` 隐式升级存量数据库
+* 每次提升数据库版本号时，必须补充从上一版本升级到新版本的显式迁移方法
+* 迁移方法必须包含升级后的校验逻辑；只有校验通过，才能写入新的数据库版本记录
+* 新包启动后必须先检查数据库当前版本，再按顺序逐步升级到目标版本；禁止跳过中间升级步骤直接写目标版本
+* 空库初始化可以直接建立当前版本结构，但初始化完成后仍必须执行同版本校验，并落库当前数据库版本
+* 数据库版本元数据属于内部控制信息，必须保存在独立内部表中，不能混入业务配置表
+* 如果迁移失败或校验失败，启动流程必须中止，且不得提升数据库版本记录
+* 涉及数据库版本变更的提交，必须补充对应的迁移测试或等效回归测试
+
 ## 4. API 与鉴权规范
 
 ### 4.1 API

openflare_server/model/database_schema_version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package model
+
+import "time"
+
+const (
+	legacyDatabaseSchemaVersion  = 1
+	currentDatabaseSchemaVersion = 2
+	databaseSchemaVersionRowID   = 1
+)
+
+type DatabaseSchemaVersion struct {
+	ID        uint      `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	Version   int       `json:"version" gorm:"not null"`
+	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
+}
+
+func (DatabaseSchemaVersion) TableName() string {
+	return "database_schema_versions"
+}

openflare_server/model/main.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package model
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
@@ -23,6 +24,13 @@ type dbModel struct {
 	hasIDPK   bool
 }
 
+type databaseSchemaMigration struct {
+	fromVersion int
+	toVersion   int
+	migrate     func(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error
+	validate    func(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error
+}
+
 func registeredModels() []any {
 	return []any{
 		&File{},
@@ -42,6 +50,12 @@ func registeredModels() []any {
 	}
 }
 
+func schemaMetadataModels() []any {
+	return []any{
+		&DatabaseSchemaVersion{},
+	}
+}
+
 func buildDBModels() ([]dbModel, error) {
 	models := registeredModels()
 	result := make([]dbModel, 0, len(models))
@@ -123,6 +137,15 @@ func autoMigrateAll(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func autoMigrateSchemaMetadata(db *gorm.DB) error {
+	for _, item := range schemaMetadataModels() {
+		if err := db.AutoMigrate(item); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func migrateTextColumns(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
 	if backend != "postgres" {
 		return nil
@@ -194,10 +217,196 @@ func migrateObservabilityLegacyColumns(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func applyCurrentSchema(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+	if err := autoMigrateSchemaMetadata(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := migrateProxyRouteEnableHTTPSColumn(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := migrateTextColumns(db, backend); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := migrateObservabilityLegacyColumns(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func loadDatabaseSchemaVersion(db *gorm.DB) (int, bool, error) {
+	if db == nil {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	if !db.Migrator().HasTable(&DatabaseSchemaVersion{}) {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	var state DatabaseSchemaVersion
+	err := db.Where("id = ?", databaseSchemaVersionRowID).First(&state).Error
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	return state.Version, true, nil
+}
+
+func saveDatabaseSchemaVersion(db *gorm.DB, version int) error {
+	return db.Save(&DatabaseSchemaVersion{
+		ID:      databaseSchemaVersionRowID,
+		Version: version,
+	}).Error
+}
+
+func validateDatabaseSchemaV2(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+	if db == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database handle is nil")
+	}
+	if !db.Migrator().HasTable(&DatabaseSchemaVersion{}) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("table %s is missing", (&DatabaseSchemaVersion{}).TableName())
+	}
+	models, err := buildDBModels()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, item := range models {
+		if isShardedObservabilityTable(item.tableName) {
+			for _, table := range observabilityShardTables(item.tableName) {
+				if !db.Migrator().HasTable(table) {
+					return fmt.Errorf("sharded table %s is missing", table)
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if !db.Migrator().HasTable(item.value) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("table %s is missing", item.tableName)
+		}
+	}
+	if !db.Migrator().HasColumn(&NodeHealthEvent{}, "metadata_json") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("column node_health_events.metadata_json is missing")
+	}
+	_ = backend
+	return nil
+}
+
+func databaseSchemaMigrations() []databaseSchemaMigration {
+	return []databaseSchemaMigration{
+		{
+			fromVersion: 1,
+			toVersion:   2,
+			migrate:     applyCurrentSchema,
+			validate:    validateDatabaseSchemaV2,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func databaseSchemaMigrationMap() map[int]databaseSchemaMigration {
+	migrations := make(map[int]databaseSchemaMigration, len(databaseSchemaMigrations()))
+	for _, item := range databaseSchemaMigrations() {
+		migrations[item.fromVersion] = item
+	}
+	return migrations
+}
+
+func runDatabaseSchemaMigration(db *gorm.DB, backend string, migration databaseSchemaMigration) error {
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if err := migration.migrate(tx, backend); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("migrate database schema from v%d to v%d failed: %w", migration.fromVersion, migration.toVersion, err)
+		}
+		if err := migration.validate(tx, backend); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("validate database schema v%d failed: %w", migration.toVersion, err)
+		}
+		if err := saveDatabaseSchemaVersion(tx, migration.toVersion); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("persist database schema version v%d failed: %w", migration.toVersion, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func upgradeDatabaseSchema(db *gorm.DB, backend string, version int) error {
+	if version > currentDatabaseSchemaVersion {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database schema version %d is newer than application version %d", version, currentDatabaseSchemaVersion)
+	}
+	if version == currentDatabaseSchemaVersion {
+		return nil
+	}
+	migrationMap := databaseSchemaMigrationMap()
+	for version < currentDatabaseSchemaVersion {
+		migration, ok := migrationMap[version]
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("database schema migration from v%d is not defined", version)
+		}
+		if err := runDatabaseSchemaMigration(db, backend, migration); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		version = migration.toVersion
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func initializeFreshDatabaseSchema(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+	if err := applyCurrentSchema(db, backend); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := migrateSQLiteDataIfNeeded(db, backend); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := validateDatabaseSchemaV2(db, backend); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return saveDatabaseSchemaVersion(db, currentDatabaseSchemaVersion)
+}
+
+func ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate(db *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+	version, exists, err := loadDatabaseSchemaVersion(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if exists {
+		return upgradeDatabaseSchema(db, backend, version)
+	}
+	empty, err := isDatabaseEmpty(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if empty {
+		return initializeFreshDatabaseSchema(db, backend)
+	}
+	if err := autoMigrateSchemaMetadata(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return upgradeDatabaseSchema(db, backend, legacyDatabaseSchemaVersion)
+}
+
 func isDatabaseEmpty(db *gorm.DB) (bool, error) {
-	for _, item := range registeredModels() {
+	models, err := buildDBModels()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, item := range models {
+		if isShardedObservabilityTable(item.tableName) {
+			for _, table := range observabilityShardTables(item.tableName) {
+				if !db.Migrator().HasTable(table) {
+					continue
+				}
+				var count int64
+				if err := db.Table(table).Limit(1).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+					return false, err
+				}
+				if count > 0 {
+					return false, nil
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if !db.Migrator().HasTable(item.value) {
+			continue
+		}
 		var count int64
-		if err := db.Model(item).Limit(1).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Model(item.value).Limit(1).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
 		if count > 0 {
@@ -346,19 +555,7 @@ func InitDB() (err error) {
 	if err = registerSharding(db, backend); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err = migrateProxyRouteEnableHTTPSColumn(db); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = migrateTextColumns(db, backend); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = migrateObservabilityLegacyColumns(db); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = migrateSQLiteDataIfNeeded(db, backend); err != nil {
+	if err = ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate(db, backend); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return createRootAccountIfNeed()

openflare_server/model/main_test.go

@@ -10,16 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
-func openTestSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, name string) *gorm.DB {
+func openBareTestSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, name string) *gorm.DB {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), name)), &gorm.Config{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("open sqlite db: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("auto migrate db: %v", err)
-	}
 	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("get sql db: %v", err)
@@ -30,6 +27,16 @@ func openTestSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, name string) *gorm.DB {
 	return db
 }
 
+func openTestSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, name string) *gorm.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	db := openBareTestSQLiteDB(t, name)
+	if err := autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("auto migrate db: %v", err)
+	}
+	return db
+}
+
 func findDBModelByTableName(t *testing.T, tableName string) dbModel {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -125,17 +132,7 @@ func TestMigrateTableDataCopiesRows(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRegisterShardingAutoMigratesShardTables(t *testing.T) {
-	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "sharded.db")), &gorm.Config{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("open sqlite db: %v", err)
-	}
-	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("get sql db: %v", err)
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = sqlDB.Close()
-	})
+	db := openBareTestSQLiteDB(t, "sharded.db")
 	if err := registerSharding(db, "sqlite"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("register sharding: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -202,3 +199,85 @@ func TestMigrateObservabilityLegacyColumnsBackfillsHealthEventMetadata(t *testin
 		t.Fatal("expected metadata_json to be backfilled")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestEnsureDatabaseSchemaUpToDateInitializesFreshDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openBareTestSQLiteDB(t, "fresh-schema.db")
+	if err := registerSharding(db, "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register sharding: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate(db, "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	version, exists, err := loadDatabaseSchemaVersion(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadDatabaseSchemaVersion: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected database schema version to be recorded")
+	}
+	if version != currentDatabaseSchemaVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected schema version: got %d want %d", version, currentDatabaseSchemaVersion)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureDatabaseSchemaUpToDateUpgradesLegacyDatabase(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openBareTestSQLiteDB(t, "legacy-schema.db")
+	if err := registerSharding(db, "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register sharding: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("auto migrate db: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := db.Create(&User{
+		Username:    "legacy",
+		Password:    "secret",
+		DisplayName: "Legacy User",
+		Role:        1,
+		Status:      1,
+	}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed legacy user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate(db, "sqlite"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureDatabaseSchemaUpToDate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	version, exists, err := loadDatabaseSchemaVersion(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadDatabaseSchemaVersion: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected legacy database to gain a schema version record")
+	}
+	if version != currentDatabaseSchemaVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected schema version: got %d want %d", version, currentDatabaseSchemaVersion)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDatabaseSchemaMigrationDoesNotAdvanceVersionWhenValidationFails(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openBareTestSQLiteDB(t, "failed-validation.db")
+
+	err := runDatabaseSchemaMigration(db, "sqlite", databaseSchemaMigration{
+		fromVersion: legacyDatabaseSchemaVersion,
+		toVersion:   currentDatabaseSchemaVersion,
+		migrate: func(tx *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+			return autoMigrateSchemaMetadata(tx)
+		},
+		validate: func(tx *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+			return gorm.ErrInvalidDB
+		},
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected migration validation to fail")
+	}
+
+	_, exists, loadErr := loadDatabaseSchemaVersion(db)
+	if loadErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadDatabaseSchemaVersion: %v", loadErr)
+	}
+	if exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected schema version to remain unset after failed validation")
+	}
+}