[功能] 支持 PostgreSQL 数据库，添加数据库迁移逻辑并更新相关文档

README.en.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ It is not trying to be a CDN SaaS platform, a multi-tenant control plane, or a g
 ## Architecture
 
 ```text
-OpenFlare Server (Gin + GORM + SQLite + Web UI)
+OpenFlare Server (Gin + GORM + SQLite/PostgreSQL + Web UI)
         |
         | HTTP API / Config Pull
         v
@@ -93,14 +93,33 @@ Responsibilities:
 
 ```yaml
 services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: openflare
+      POSTGRES_USER: openflare
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: replace-with-strong-password
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U openflare -d openflare"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
+
   openflare:
     image: ghcr.io/rain-kl/openflare:latest
     restart: unless-stopped
+    depends_on:
+      postgres:
+        condition: service_healthy
     ports:
       - "3000:3000"
     environment:
       SESSION_SECRET: replace-with-random-string
       SQLITE_PATH: /data/openflare.db
+      DSN: postgres://openflare:replace-with-strong-password@postgres:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable
       GIN_MODE: release
       LOG_LEVEL: info
       PORT: "3000"
@@ -108,6 +127,7 @@ services:
       - openflare-data:/data
 
 volumes:
+  postgres-data:
   openflare-data:
 ```
 
@@ -153,7 +173,7 @@ Version numbers follow `YYYYMMDD-NNN`. Versions are immutable; rollback is imple
 
 ## Repository Layout
 
-* `openflare_server`: monolithic control plane built with Gin, GORM, and SQLite
+* `openflare_server`: monolithic control plane built with Gin, GORM, and SQLite/PostgreSQL
 * `openflare_server/web`: admin frontend built with Next.js 15 App Router
 * `openflare_agent`: Go Agent
 * `scripts`: install and helper scripts
@@ -167,6 +187,10 @@ Version numbers follow `YYYYMMDD-NNN`. Versions are immutable; rollback is imple
 cd openflare_server
 export SESSION_SECRET='replace-with-random-string'
 export SQLITE_PATH='./openflare.db'
+# Optional: switch to PostgreSQL by setting either DSN or SQL_DSN.
+# If the PostgreSQL database is empty and ./openflare.db exists,
+# OpenFlare migrates SQLite data automatically at startup.
+# export DSN='postgres://openflare:secret@127.0.0.1:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable'
 go run .
 ```
 

README.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ OpenFlare 解决的是一类朴素但高频的运维问题：
 ## 系统架构
 
 ```text
-OpenFlare Server (Gin + GORM + SQLite + Web UI)
+OpenFlare Server (Gin + GORM + SQLite/PostgreSQL + Web UI)
         |
         | HTTP API / Config Pull
         v
@@ -93,14 +93,33 @@ Origin
 
 ```yaml
 services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: openflare
+      POSTGRES_USER: openflare
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: replace-with-strong-password
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U openflare -d openflare"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
+
   openflare:
     image: ghcr.io/rain-kl/openflare:latest
     restart: unless-stopped
+    depends_on:
+      postgres:
+        condition: service_healthy
     ports:
       - "3000:3000"
     environment:
       SESSION_SECRET: replace-with-random-string
       SQLITE_PATH: /data/openflare.db
+      DSN: postgres://openflare:replace-with-strong-password@postgres:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable
       GIN_MODE: release
       LOG_LEVEL: info
       PORT: "3000"
@@ -108,6 +127,7 @@ services:
       - openflare-data:/data
 
 volumes:
+  postgres-data:
   openflare-data:
 ```
 
@@ -153,7 +173,7 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Rain-kl/OpenFlare/main/scripts/inst
 
 ## 仓库结构
 
-* `openflare_server`：Gin + GORM + SQLite 单体控制面
+* `openflare_server`：Gin + GORM + SQLite/PostgreSQL 单体控制面
 * `openflare_server/web`：Next.js 15 App Router 管理端前端
 * `openflare_agent`：Go 单体 Agent
 * `scripts`：安装脚本与辅助脚本
@@ -167,6 +187,9 @@ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Rain-kl/OpenFlare/main/scripts/inst
 cd openflare_server
 export SESSION_SECRET='replace-with-random-string'
 export SQLITE_PATH='./openflare.db'
+# 可选：设置 DSN 或 SQL_DSN 后切换到 PostgreSQL。
+# 如果 PostgreSQL 为空且 ./openflare.db 存在，启动时会自动迁移 SQLite 数据。
+# export DSN='postgres://openflare:secret@127.0.0.1:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable'
 go run .
 ```
 
@@ -228,4 +251,4 @@ GOCACHE=/tmp/openflare-go-cache go test ./...
 
 ## 开源协议
 
-本项目采用 [Apache License 2.0](./LICENSE) 开源。
+本项目采用 [Apache License 2.0](./LICENSE) 开源。

docs/app-config.md

@@ -33,14 +33,17 @@ go run . --port 3000 --log-dir ./logs
 | `LOG_LEVEL` | 日志等级 | `info` |
 | `SESSION_SECRET` | Session 签名密钥 | 启动时随机生成 |
 | `SQLITE_PATH` | SQLite 数据库文件路径 | `openflare.db` |
-| `SQL_DSN` | MySQL DSN，设置后优先于 SQLite | 空 |
+| `DSN` | PostgreSQL DSN，设置后优先于 SQLite | 空 |
+| `SQL_DSN` | 兼容旧命名的 PostgreSQL DSN，优先级低于 `DSN` | 空 |
 | `REDIS_CONN_STRING` | Redis 连接串 | 空 |
 | `UPLOAD_PATH` | 上传目录 | `upload` |
 | `AGENT_TOKEN` | 兼容旧部署的全局 Agent Token | 空 |
 
 说明：
 
-* `SQL_DSN` 与 `SQLITE_PATH` 同时存在时优先使用 `SQL_DSN`
+* `DSN` 与 `SQL_DSN` 同时存在时优先使用 `DSN`
+* `DSN` 或 `SQL_DSN` 与 `SQLITE_PATH` 同时存在时优先使用 PostgreSQL
+* 当目标 PostgreSQL 数据库为空且本地 `SQLITE_PATH` 文件存在时，Server 启动阶段会自动迁移 SQLite 数据，并在日志中输出按表迁移进度
 * `SESSION_SECRET` 生产环境必须显式配置
 * `REDIS_CONN_STRING` 未配置时，相关能力回退为进程内实现
 

docs/deployment.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 * Go 1.24+
 * Node.js 18+
-* 可写 SQLite 文件目录
+* 可写 SQLite 文件目录，或可访问的 PostgreSQL 实例
 
 ### 1.2 Agent
 
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ cd openflare_server
 export SESSION_SECRET='replace-with-random-string'
 export SQLITE_PATH='./openflare.db'
 export LOG_LEVEL='info'
+# 可选：设置后优先使用 PostgreSQL。
+# 如果 PostgreSQL 为空且本地 SQLite 文件存在，启动时会自动迁移数据。
+# export DSN='postgres://openflare:secret@127.0.0.1:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable'
 go run .
 ```
 
@@ -46,21 +49,41 @@ go run .
 
 ```yaml
 services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: openflare
+      POSTGRES_USER: openflare
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: replace-with-strong-password
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U openflare -d openflare"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
+
   openflare:
     image: ghcr.io/rain-kl/openflare:latest
     container_name: openflare
     restart: unless-stopped
+    depends_on:
+      postgres:
+        condition: service_healthy
     ports:
       - "3000:3000"
     environment:
       SESSION_SECRET: replace-with-random-string
       SQLITE_PATH: /data/openflare.db
+      DSN: postgres://openflare:replace-with-strong-password@postgres:5432/openflare?sslmode=disable
       GIN_MODE: release
       LOG_LEVEL: info
     volumes:
       - openflare-data:/data
 
 volumes:
+  postgres-data:
   openflare-data:
 ```
 

docs/design.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ OpenFlare 是一套自托管的 OpenResty 控制面，面向单团队或单组
 
 * Gin
 * GORM
-* SQLite
+* SQLite / PostgreSQL
 * 现有登录与 Session 体系
 * 托管 `openflare_server/web` 静态构建产物
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ OpenFlare 是一套自托管的 OpenResty 控制面，面向单团队或单组
 ## 4. 总体架构
 
 ```text
-OpenFlare Server (Gin + SQLite + Web UI)
+OpenFlare Server (Gin + SQLite/PostgreSQL + Web UI)
         |
         | HTTP API / Config Pull
         v

docs/development-guidelines.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 * Go 1.24+
 * Gin
 * GORM
-* SQLite
+* SQLite / PostgreSQL
 * 现有登录体系
 
 ### 1.2 Agent

openflare_server/common/constants.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ var HomePageLink = ""
 
 var SessionSecret = uuid.New().String()
 var SQLitePath = "openflare.db"
+var SQLDSN = ""
 
 var OptionMap map[string]string
 var OptionMapRWMutex sync.RWMutex

openflare_server/common/init.go

@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ func init() {
 	if os.Getenv("SQLITE_PATH") != "" {
 		SQLitePath = os.Getenv("SQLITE_PATH")
 	}
+	if os.Getenv("SQL_DSN") != "" {
+		SQLDSN = os.Getenv("SQL_DSN")
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("DSN") != "" {
+		SQLDSN = os.Getenv("DSN")
+	}
 	if os.Getenv("UPLOAD_PATH") != "" {
 		UploadPath = os.Getenv("UPLOAD_PATH")
 	}

openflare_server/go.mod

@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.19.0
 	github.com/go-redis/redis/v8 v8.11.5
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0
+	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.13.1
 	github.com/swaggo/files v1.0.1
 	github.com/swaggo/gin-swagger v1.6.1
 	github.com/swaggo/swag v1.8.12
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0
-	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.4.3
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7
+	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0
+	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.10
 )
 
 require (
@@ -41,12 +43,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.19.15 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gomodule/redigo v2.0.0+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/context v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/sessions v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -57,13 +62,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.13.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect

openflare_server/go.sum

@@ -7,17 +7,12 @@ github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdko
 github.com/boj/redistore v0.0.0-20180917114910-cd5dcc76aeff h1:RmdPFa+slIr4SCBg4st/l/vZWVe9QJKMXGO60Bxbe04=
 github.com/boj/redistore v0.0.0-20180917114910-cd5dcc76aeff/go.mod h1:+RTT1BOk5P97fT2CiHkbFQwkK3mjsFAP6zCYV2aXtjw=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ED5hyg4y6t3/9Ku1R6dU/4KyJ48DZ4jPhfY1O2AihPM=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.9.1 h1:6iJ6NqdoxCDr6mbY8h18oSO+cShGSMRGCEo7F2h0x8s=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.9.1/go.mod h1:i736AoUSYt75HyZLoJW9ERYxcy6eaN6h4BZXU064P/U=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.10.0-rc/go.mod h1:ElCzW+ufi8qKqNW0FY314xriJhyJhuoJ3gFZdAHF7NM=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.2 h1:ywfwo0a/3j9HR8wsYGWsIWl2mvRsI950HyoxiBERw5A=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.2/go.mod h1:iZcSUejdk5aukTND/Eu/ivjQuEL0Cu9/rf50Hi0u/g4=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 h1:YRXhKfTDauu4ajMg1TPgFO5jnlC2HCbmLXMcTG5cbYE=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20211019084208-fb5309c8db06/go.mod h1:DH46F32mSOjUmXrMHnKwZdA8wcEefY7UVqBKYGjpdQY=
-github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20221115062448-fe3a3abad311 h1:qSGYFH7+jGhDF8vLC+iwCD4WpbV1EBDSzWkJODFLams=
 github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20221115062448-fe3a3abad311/go.mod h1:b583jCggY9gE99b6G5LEC39OIiVsWj+R97kbl5odCEk=
 github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d h1:77cEq6EriyTZ0g/qfRdp61a3Uu/AWrgIq2s0ClJV1g0=
 github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d/go.mod h1:8EPpVsBuRksnlj1mLy4AWzRNQYxauNi62uWcE3to6eA=
@@ -30,18 +25,16 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0 h1:bkY3XzJcXoMuELV8F+vS8kzNgicwQFAaGINAEJdWGOM=
 github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:RZrm63UmcBAaYWC1DotLYBmTvgkrs0+XhBd7Npn7/zI=
+github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da h1:aIftn67I1fkbMa512G+w+Pxci9hJPB8oMnkcP3iZF38=
+github.com/dgryski/go-farm v0.0.0-20240924180020-3414d57e47da/go.mod h1:SqUrOPUnsFjfmXRMNPybcSiG0BgUW2AuFH8PAnS2iTw=
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/rVNCu3HqELle0jiPLLBs70cWOduZpkS1E78=
 github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9 h1:hsms1Qyu0jgnwNXIxa+/V/PDsU6CfLf6CNO8H7IWoS4=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9/go.mod h1:znqG4EE+3YCdAaPaxE2ZRY/06pZUdp0tY4IgpuI1SZQ=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2 h1:w5qFW6JKBz9Y393Y4q372O9A7cUSequkh1Q7OhCmWKU=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2/go.mod h1:zApsH/mKG4w07erKIaJPFiX0Tsq9BFQgN3qGY5GnNgA=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 h1:in2uUcidCuFcDKtdcBxlR0rJ1+fsokWf+uqxgUFjbI0=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3/go.mod h1:d8uq/6HKRL6CGdk+aubisF/M5GcPfT7nKyLpA0lbSSk=
-github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.4.0 h1:oJ6gwtUl3lqV0WEIwM/LxPF1QZ5qe2lGWdY2+bz7y0g=
-github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bs9pNM0x/UsmHPBWT2xZz9ROh8xYjYkiURUfmBoMlcs=
 github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.6.0 h1:0Z7D/bVhE6ja07lI8CTjTonp6SB07o8bNuFyRbsBUQg=
 github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.6.0/go.mod h1:cI+h6iOAyxKRtUtC6iF/Si1KSFvGm/gK+kshxlCi8ro=
 github.com/gin-contrib/gzip v0.0.6 h1:NjcunTcGAj5CO1gn4N8jHOSIeRFHIbn51z6K+xaN4d4=
@@ -53,7 +46,6 @@ github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RHrZQHXnP2xjPF+u1gW/2HnVO7nvIa9PG3Gm
 github.com/gin-contrib/static v0.0.1 h1:JVxuvHPuUfkoul12N7dtQw7KRn/pSMq7Ue1Va9Swm1U=
 github.com/gin-contrib/static v0.0.1/go.mod h1:CSxeF+wep05e0kCOsqWdAWbSszmc31zTIbD8TvWl7Hs=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.6.3/go.mod h1:75u5sXoLsGZoRN5Sgbi1eraJ4GU3++wFwWzhwvtwp4M=
-github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.8.1/go.mod h1:ji8BvRH1azfM+SYow9zQ6SZMvR8qOMZHmsCuWR9tTTk=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1 h1:4idEAncQnU5cB7BeOkPtxjfCSye0AAm1R0RVIqJ+Jmg=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1/go.mod h1:hPrL7YrpYKXt5YId3A/Tnip5kqbEAP+KLuI3SUcPTeU=
 github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2 h1:3a6LFC4sKahUunAmynQKLZceZCOzUthkRkEAl9gAXWo=
@@ -74,31 +66,21 @@ github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:VDjEfimB/XKnb+ZQfWdccd7VUvSc
 github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.2.0 h1:JvknZsQTYeFEAhQwI4qEt9cyV5ONwRHC+lYKSsYSR8s=
 github.com/go-playground/assert/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VDjEfimB/XKnb+ZQfWdccd7VUvScMdVu0Titje2rxJ4=
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.13.0/go.mod h1:taPMhCMXrRLJO55olJkUXHZBHCxTMfnGwq/HNwmWNS8=
-github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0/go.mod h1:sawfccIbzZTqEDETgFXqTho0QybSa7l++s0DH+LDiLs=
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 h1:EWaQ/wswjilfKLTECiXz7Rh+3BjFhfDFKv/oXslEjJA=
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1/go.mod h1:hxrqLVvrK65+Rwrd5Fc6F2O76J/NuW9t0sjnWqG1slY=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.17.0/go.mod h1:UkSxE5sNxxRwHyU+Scu5vgOQjsIJAF8j9muTVoKLVtA=
-github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0/go.mod h1:UvRDBj+xPUEGrFYl+lu/H90nyDXpg0fqeB/AQUGNTVA=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJnYK9S473LQFuzCbDbfSFY=
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@@ -113,9 +95,16 @@ github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.1/go.mod h1:ra0sb63/xPlUeL+yeDciTfxMRAA+MP+
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@@ -124,13 +113,10 @@ github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.9/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/u
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@@ -138,9 +124,6 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
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@@ -148,9 +131,6 @@ github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.0.0-20190626092158-b2ccc519800e/go.mod h1:C1wdFJiN
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@@ -168,18 +148,13 @@ github.com/onsi/gomega v1.18.1 h1:M1GfJqGRrBrrGGsbxzV5dqM2U2ApXefZCQpkukxYRLE=
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@@ -192,11 +167,9 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
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@@ -206,58 +179,40 @@ github.com/swaggo/swag v1.8.12/go.mod h1:lNfm6Gg+oAq3zRJQNEMBE66LIJKM44mxFqhEEgy
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-golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 h1:HV8lRxZC4l2cr3Zq1LvtOsi/ThTgWnUk/y64QSs8GwA=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0/go.mod h1:NyhrlYXJ2H4eJiRy/WDBO6HMqZQ6q9nk4JzS3NuCK+w=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210421230115-4e50805a0758/go.mod h1:72T/g9IO56b78aLF+1Kcs5dz7/ng1VjMUvfKvpfy+jM=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.7.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 h1:vRMAPTMaeGqVhG5QyLJHqNDwecKTomGeqbnfZyKlBI8=
-golang.org/x/net v0.38.0/go.mod h1:ivrbrMbzFq5J41QOQh0siUuly180yBYtLp+CKbEaFx8=
 golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 h1:MHc5BpPuC30uJk597Ri8TV3CNZcTLu6B6z4lJy+g6Jw=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200116001909-b77594299b42/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210420072515-93ed5bcd2bfe/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210806184541-e5e7981a1069/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220704084225-05e143d24a9e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 h1:ioabZlmFYtWhL+TRYpcnNlLwhyxaM9kWTDEmfnprqik=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
@@ -269,21 +224,14 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 h1:D71I7dUrlY+VX0gQShAThNGHFxZ13dGLBHQLVl1mJlY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0/go.mod h1:/BLNzu4aZCJ1+kcD0DNRotWKage4q2rGVAg4o22unh4=
 golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
 golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d h1:vU5i/LfpvrRCpgM/VPfJLg5KjxD3E+hfT1SH+d9zLwg=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 h1:Hx2Xv8hISq8Lm16jvBZ2VQf+RLmbd7wVUsALibYI/IQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0/go.mod h1:yEsQ/d/YK8cjh0L6rZlY8tgtlKiBNTL14pGDJPJpYQs=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 h1:uNO2rsAINq/JlFpSdYEKIZ0uKD/R9cpdv0T+yoGwGmI=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -291,7 +239,6 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
-gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 h1:uRGJdciOHaEIrze2W8Q3AKkepLTh2hOroT7a+7czfdQ=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWDmTeBkI65Dw0HsyUHuEVlX15mw=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
@@ -300,14 +247,12 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.4.3 h1:/JhWJhO2v17d8hjApTltKNADm7K7YI2ogkR7avJUL3k=
-gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.4.3/go.mod h1:sSIebwZAVPiT+27jK9HIwvsqOGKx3YMPmrA3mBJR10c=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.23.8/go.mod h1:l2lP/RyAtc1ynaTjFksBde/O8v9oOGIApu2/xRitmZk=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7 h1:VsD6acwRjz2zFxGO50gPO6AkNs7KKnvfzUjHQhZDz/A=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=
+gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0 h1:2dxzU8xJ+ivvqTRph34QX+WrRaJlmfyPqXmoGVjMBa4=
+gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0/go.mod h1:vUw0mrGgrTK+uPHEhAdV4sfFELrByKVGnaVRkXDhtWo=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.10 h1:dQpO+33KalOA+aFYGlK+EfxcI5MbO7EP2yYygwh9h+s=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.10/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=
 modernc.org/libc v1.22.5 h1:91BNch/e5B0uPbJFgqbxXuOnxBQjlS//icfQEGmvyjE=
 modernc.org/libc v1.22.5/go.mod h1:jj+Z7dTNX8fBScMVNRAYZ/jF91K8fdT2hYMThc3YjBY=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0 h1:rV0Ko/6SfM+8G+yKiyI830l3Wuz1zRutdslNoQ0kfiQ=

openflare_server/main.go

@@ -88,7 +88,11 @@ func main() {
 	if port == "" {
 		port = strconv.Itoa(*common.Port)
 	}
-	slog.Info("server config", "port", port, "gin_mode", gin.Mode(), "log_level", common.GetLogLevel(), "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath, "redis_enabled", common.RedisEnabled, "upload_path", common.UploadPath, "log_dir", valueOrDefault(*common.LogDir, "stdout"), "agent_token_configured", common.AgentToken != "", "node_offline_threshold", common.NodeOfflineThreshold)
+	dbBackend := "sqlite"
+	if common.SQLDSN != "" {
+		dbBackend = "postgres"
+	}
+	slog.Info("server config", "port", port, "gin_mode", gin.Mode(), "log_level", common.GetLogLevel(), "db_backend", dbBackend, "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath, "redis_enabled", common.RedisEnabled, "upload_path", common.UploadPath, "log_dir", valueOrDefault(*common.LogDir, "stdout"), "agent_token_configured", common.AgentToken != "", "node_offline_threshold", common.NodeOfflineThreshold)
 	slog.Info("server listening", "address", fmt.Sprintf(":%s", port))
 	err = server.Run(":" + port)
 	if err != nil {

openflare_server/model/main.go

@@ -1,17 +1,66 @@
 package model
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
-	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
 	"log/slog"
 	"openflare/common"
 	"openflare/utils/security"
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 var DB *gorm.DB
 
+type dbModel struct {
+	value     any
+	tableName string
+	hasIDPK   bool
+}
+
+func registeredModels() []any {
+	return []any{
+		&File{},
+		&User{},
+		&Option{},
+		&ProxyRoute{},
+		&ConfigVersion{},
+		&Node{},
+		&NodeSystemProfile{},
+		&ApplyLog{},
+		&NodeMetricSnapshot{},
+		&NodeRequestReport{},
+		&NodeAccessLog{},
+		&NodeHealthEvent{},
+		&TLSCertificate{},
+		&ManagedDomain{},
+	}
+}
+
+func buildDBModels() ([]dbModel, error) {
+	models := registeredModels()
+	result := make([]dbModel, 0, len(models))
+	namer := schema.NamingStrategy{}
+	cache := &sync.Map{}
+	for _, item := range models {
+		parsed, err := schema.Parse(item, cache, namer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		hasIDPK := len(parsed.PrimaryFields) == 1 && parsed.PrimaryFields[0].DBName == "id"
+		result = append(result, dbModel{
+			value:     item,
+			tableName: parsed.Table,
+			hasIDPK:   hasIDPK,
+		})
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
 func migrateProxyRouteEnableHTTPSColumn(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	if !db.Migrator().HasTable(&ProxyRoute{}) {
 		return nil
@@ -48,88 +97,185 @@ func CountTable(tableName string) (num int64) {
 	return
 }
 
-func InitDB() (err error) {
-	var db *gorm.DB
-	if os.Getenv("SQL_DSN") != "" {
-		// Use MySQL
-		db, err = gorm.Open(mysql.Open(os.Getenv("SQL_DSN")), &gorm.Config{
-			PrepareStmt: true, // precompile SQL
+func openDatabase() (*gorm.DB, string, error) {
+	if common.SQLDSN != "" {
+		db, err := gorm.Open(postgres.Open(common.SQLDSN), &gorm.Config{
+			PrepareStmt: true,
 		})
-	} else {
-		// Use SQLite
-		db, err = gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(common.SQLitePath), &gorm.Config{
-			PrepareStmt: true, // precompile SQL
-		})
-		slog.Info("SQL_DSN not set, using SQLite as database")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", err
+		}
+		return db, "postgres", nil
 	}
-	if err == nil {
-		DB = db
-		if err = migrateProxyRouteEnableHTTPSColumn(db); err != nil {
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(common.SQLitePath), &gorm.Config{
+		PrepareStmt: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	slog.Info("database DSN not set, using SQLite as database", "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath)
+	return db, "sqlite", nil
+}
+
+func autoMigrateAll(db *gorm.DB) error {
+	for _, item := range registeredModels() {
+		if err := db.AutoMigrate(item); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err := db.AutoMigrate(&File{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isDatabaseEmpty(db *gorm.DB) (bool, error) {
+	for _, item := range registeredModels() {
+		var count int64
+		if err := db.Model(item).Limit(1).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+			return false, err
 		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&User{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+		if count > 0 {
+			return false, nil
 		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&Option{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&ProxyRoute{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&ConfigVersion{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&Node{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&NodeSystemProfile{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&ApplyLog{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&NodeMetricSnapshot{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&NodeRequestReport{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&NodeAccessLog{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&NodeHealthEvent{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&TLSCertificate{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = db.AutoMigrate(&ManagedDomain{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = createRootAccountIfNeed()
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func sqliteSourceExists() bool {
+	info, err := os.Stat(common.SQLitePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !info.IsDir()
+}
+
+func migrateSQLiteDataIfNeeded(target *gorm.DB, backend string) error {
+	if backend != "postgres" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	empty, err := isDatabaseEmpty(target)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else {
+	}
+	if !empty {
+		slog.Info("skip sqlite migration because target database already has data", "backend", backend)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !sqliteSourceExists() {
+		slog.Info("skip sqlite migration because sqlite source file was not found", "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	source, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(common.SQLitePath), &gorm.Config{
+		PrepareStmt: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open sqlite source database failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	sourceSQLDB, err := source.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get sqlite source database handle failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = sourceSQLDB.Close()
+	}()
+
+	models, err := buildDBModels()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("starting sqlite to postgres database migration", "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath)
+	err = target.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		for _, item := range models {
+			if err := migrateTableData(source, tx, item); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if item.hasIDPK {
+				if err := resetPostgresSequence(tx, item.tableName); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	slog.Info("sqlite to postgres database migration completed", "sqlite_path", common.SQLitePath)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func migrateTableData(source *gorm.DB, target *gorm.DB, item dbModel) error {
+	if !source.Migrator().HasTable(item.value) {
+		slog.Info("database migration progress", "table", item.tableName, "migrated", 0, "total", 0, "status", "skipped_missing_source_table")
+		return nil
+	}
+	var total int64
+	if err := source.Model(item.value).Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("count sqlite table %s failed: %w", item.tableName, err)
+	}
+	slog.Info("database migration progress", "table", item.tableName, "migrated", 0, "total", total, "status", "starting")
+	if total == 0 {
+		slog.Info("database migration progress", "table", item.tableName, "migrated", 0, "total", total, "status", "completed")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	modelType := reflect.TypeOf(item.value).Elem()
+	sliceType := reflect.SliceOf(modelType)
+	migrated := int64(0)
+	offset := 0
+	const batchSize = 200
+
+	for {
+		batchPtr := reflect.New(sliceType)
+		query := source.Model(item.value).Limit(batchSize).Offset(offset)
+		if item.hasIDPK {
+			query = query.Order("id ASC")
+		}
+		if err := query.Find(batchPtr.Interface()).Error; err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read sqlite table %s failed: %w", item.tableName, err)
+		}
+		batchLen := batchPtr.Elem().Len()
+		if batchLen == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := target.Create(batchPtr.Interface()).Error; err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("write target table %s failed: %w", item.tableName, err)
+		}
+		migrated += int64(batchLen)
+		offset += batchLen
+		slog.Info("database migration progress", "table", item.tableName, "migrated", migrated, "total", total, "status", "running")
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("database migration progress", "table", item.tableName, "migrated", migrated, "total", total, "status", "completed")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resetPostgresSequence(db *gorm.DB, tableName string) error {
+	sql := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"SELECT setval(pg_get_serial_sequence('%s', 'id'), COALESCE(MAX(id), 1), MAX(id) IS NOT NULL) FROM \"%s\"",
+		tableName,
+		tableName,
+	)
+	return db.Exec(sql).Error
+}
+
+func InitDB() (err error) {
+	db, backend, err := openDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
 		slog.Error("open database failed", "error", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	return err
+	DB = db
+	if err = migrateProxyRouteEnableHTTPSColumn(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err = autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err = migrateSQLiteDataIfNeeded(db, backend); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return createRootAccountIfNeed()
 }
 
 func CloseDB() error {

openflare_server/model/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func openTestSQLiteDB(t *testing.T, name string) *gorm.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), name)), &gorm.Config{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("open sqlite db: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := autoMigrateAll(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("auto migrate db: %v", err)
+	}
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get sql db: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = sqlDB.Close()
+	})
+	return db
+}
+
+func findDBModelByTableName(t *testing.T, tableName string) dbModel {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	models, err := buildDBModels()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("build db models: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, item := range models {
+		if item.tableName == tableName {
+			return item
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("db model not found for table %s", tableName)
+	return dbModel{}
+}
+
+func TestIsDatabaseEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openTestSQLiteDB(t, "empty.db")
+
+	empty, err := isDatabaseEmpty(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("isDatabaseEmpty returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !empty {
+		t.Fatal("expected database to be empty")
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Create(&User{
+		Username:    "alice",
+		Password:    "secret",
+		DisplayName: "Alice",
+		Role:        1,
+		Status:      1,
+	}).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	empty, err = isDatabaseEmpty(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("isDatabaseEmpty after seed returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if empty {
+		t.Fatal("expected database to be non-empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMigrateTableDataCopiesRows(t *testing.T) {
+	source := openTestSQLiteDB(t, "source.db")
+	target := openTestSQLiteDB(t, "target.db")
+
+	user := User{
+		Id:          1,
+		Username:    "root",
+		Password:    "hashed",
+		DisplayName: "Root User",
+		Role:        100,
+		Status:      1,
+	}
+	option := Option{
+		Key:   "AgentHeartbeatInterval",
+		Value: "10000",
+	}
+
+	if err := source.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed source user: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := source.Create(&option).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed source option: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := migrateTableData(source, target, findDBModelByTableName(t, "users")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migrate users: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := migrateTableData(source, target, findDBModelByTableName(t, "options")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migrate options: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var gotUser User
+	if err := target.First(&gotUser, 1).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("query migrated user: %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotUser.Username != user.Username || gotUser.DisplayName != user.DisplayName {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected migrated user: %+v", gotUser)
+	}
+
+	var gotOption Option
+	if err := target.First(&gotOption, "key = ?", option.Key).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("query migrated option: %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotOption.Value != option.Value {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected migrated option value: %s", gotOption.Value)
+	}
+}